Skip to main content

Detection of Matrix Metalloproteinases by Zymography

  • Protocol
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1579))

Abstract

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) represent more than 20 zinc-containing endopeptidases that cleave internal peptide bonds, leading to protein degradation. They play a critical role in many physiological cell functions, including tissue remodeling, embryogenesis, and angiogenesis. They are also involved in the pathogenesis of a vast array of diseases, including but not limited to systemic inflammation, various cancers, and cardiovascular, neurological, and autoimmune diseases. Here, we describe gel zymography to detect MMPs in cell and tissue samples and in cell culture supernatants.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Protocol
USD   49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Springer Nature is developing a new tool to find and evaluate Protocols. Learn more

References

  1. Baranger K, Rivera S, Liechti FD, Grandgirard D, Bigas J, Seco J, Tarrago T, Leib SL, Khrestchatisky M (2014) Endogenous and synthetic MMP inhibitors in CNS physiopathology. Prog Brain Res 214:313–351

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Fainardi E, Castellazzi M, Bellini T, Manfrinato MC, Baldi E, Casetta I, Paolino E, Granieri E, Dallocchio F (2006) Cerebrospinal fluid and serum levels and intrathecal production of active matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as markers of disease activity in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 12:294–301

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Baeza M, Garrido M, Hernández-Ríos P, Dezerega A, García-Sesnich J, Strauss F, Aitken JP, Lesaffre E, Vanbelle S, Gamonal J, Brignardello-Petersen R, Tervahartiala T, Sorsa T, Hernández M (2015) Diagnostic accuracy for apical and chronic periodontitis biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid: an exploratory study. J Clin Periodontol 43:34–45

    Google Scholar 

  4. Thomadaki K, Bosch J, Oppenheim F, Helmerhorst E (2013) The diagnostic potential of salivary protease activities in periodontal health and disease. Oral Dis 19:781–788

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Cathcart J, Pulkoski-Gross A, Cao J (2015) Targeting matrix metalloproteinases in cancer: bringing new life to old ideas. Genes Dis 2:26–34

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Cuéllar VG, Cuéllar JM, Kirsch T, Strauss EJ (2015) Correlation of synovial fluid biomarkers with cartilage pathology and associated outcomes in knee arthroscopy. Arthroscopy 32:475–485

    Google Scholar 

  7. Murphy G, Nagase H (2008) Reappraising metalloproteinases in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: destruction or repair? Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol 4:128–135

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Chang J, Wehner S, Schäfer N, Sioutis M, Bortscher S, Hirner A, Kalff JC, Bauer AJ, Overhaus M (2012) Iatrogenic extracellular matrix disruption as a local trigger for postoperative ileus. J Surg Res 178:632–639

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Medina C, Radomski MW (2006) Role of matrix metalloproteinases in intestinal inflammation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 318:933–938

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Hopps E, Caimi G (2015) Matrix metalloproteases as a pharmacological target in cardiovascular diseases. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 19:2583–2589

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Heussen C, Dowdle EB (1980) Electrophoretic analysis of plasminogen activators in polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate and copolymerized substrates. Anal Biochem 102:196–202

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Pei D, Kang T, Qi H (2000) Cysteine array matrix metalloproteinase (CA-MMP)/MMP-23 is a type II transmembrane matrix metalloproteinase regulated by a single cleavage for both secretion and activation. J Biol Chem 275(43):33988–33997

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Snoek-van Beurden PA, Von den Hoff JW (2005) Zymographic techniques for the analysis of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors. Biotechniques 37:73–83

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Hu X, Laragione T, Sun L, Koshy S, Jones KR, Ismailov II, Yotnda P, Horrigan FT, Gulko PS, Beeton C (2012) KCa1.1 potassium channels regulate key pro-inflammatory and invasive properties of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. J Biol Chem 287:4014–4022

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Hu X, Beeton C (2010) Detection of functional matrix metalloproteinases by zymography. J Vis Exp 45:pii 2445

    Google Scholar 

  16. Tanner MR, Hu X, Huq R, Tajhya RB, Sun L, Khan FS, Laragione T, Horrigan FT, Gulko PS, Beeton C (2015) KCa1.1 inhibition attenuates fibroblast-like synoviocyte invasiveness and ameliorates rat models of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 67:96–106

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Pan H, Chen J, Xu J, Chen M, Ma R (2009) Antifibrotic effect by activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma in corneal fibroblasts. Mol Vis 15:2279–2286

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Puente J, Jaque M, Carrasco C, Cruz C, Valenzuela M, Wolf M, Mosnaim A (2008) Triptan drugs, natural killer cell cytotoxicity, and neutrophils pro-matrix metalloproteinase-9 secretion. Headache 48:1482–1489

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Toth M, Sohail A, Fridman R (2012) Assessment of gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) by gelatin zymography. Methods Mol Biol 878:121–135

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

This work was supported in part by funding from Baylor College of Medicine and National Institutes of Health grants AR059838 and NS073712 to C.B.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christine Beeton .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media LLC

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Tajhya, R.B., Patel, R.S., Beeton, C. (2017). Detection of Matrix Metalloproteinases by Zymography. In: Galea, C. (eds) Matrix Metalloproteases. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1579. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6863-3_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6863-3_12

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-6861-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-6863-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics