Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) represent more than 20 zinc-containing endopeptidases that cleave internal peptide bonds, leading to protein degradation. They play a critical role in many physiological cell functions, including tissue remodeling, embryogenesis, and angiogenesis. They are also involved in the pathogenesis of a vast array of diseases, including but not limited to systemic inflammation, various cancers, and cardiovascular, neurological, and autoimmune diseases. Here, we describe gel zymography to detect MMPs in cell and tissue samples and in cell culture supernatants.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Baranger K, Rivera S, Liechti FD, Grandgirard D, Bigas J, Seco J, Tarrago T, Leib SL, Khrestchatisky M (2014) Endogenous and synthetic MMP inhibitors in CNS physiopathology. Prog Brain Res 214:313–351
Fainardi E, Castellazzi M, Bellini T, Manfrinato MC, Baldi E, Casetta I, Paolino E, Granieri E, Dallocchio F (2006) Cerebrospinal fluid and serum levels and intrathecal production of active matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as markers of disease activity in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 12:294–301
Baeza M, Garrido M, Hernández-Ríos P, Dezerega A, García-Sesnich J, Strauss F, Aitken JP, Lesaffre E, Vanbelle S, Gamonal J, Brignardello-Petersen R, Tervahartiala T, Sorsa T, Hernández M (2015) Diagnostic accuracy for apical and chronic periodontitis biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid: an exploratory study. J Clin Periodontol 43:34–45
Thomadaki K, Bosch J, Oppenheim F, Helmerhorst E (2013) The diagnostic potential of salivary protease activities in periodontal health and disease. Oral Dis 19:781–788
Cathcart J, Pulkoski-Gross A, Cao J (2015) Targeting matrix metalloproteinases in cancer: bringing new life to old ideas. Genes Dis 2:26–34
Cuéllar VG, Cuéllar JM, Kirsch T, Strauss EJ (2015) Correlation of synovial fluid biomarkers with cartilage pathology and associated outcomes in knee arthroscopy. Arthroscopy 32:475–485
Murphy G, Nagase H (2008) Reappraising metalloproteinases in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: destruction or repair? Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol 4:128–135
Chang J, Wehner S, Schäfer N, Sioutis M, Bortscher S, Hirner A, Kalff JC, Bauer AJ, Overhaus M (2012) Iatrogenic extracellular matrix disruption as a local trigger for postoperative ileus. J Surg Res 178:632–639
Medina C, Radomski MW (2006) Role of matrix metalloproteinases in intestinal inflammation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 318:933–938
Hopps E, Caimi G (2015) Matrix metalloproteases as a pharmacological target in cardiovascular diseases. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 19:2583–2589
Heussen C, Dowdle EB (1980) Electrophoretic analysis of plasminogen activators in polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate and copolymerized substrates. Anal Biochem 102:196–202
Pei D, Kang T, Qi H (2000) Cysteine array matrix metalloproteinase (CA-MMP)/MMP-23 is a type II transmembrane matrix metalloproteinase regulated by a single cleavage for both secretion and activation. J Biol Chem 275(43):33988–33997
Snoek-van Beurden PA, Von den Hoff JW (2005) Zymographic techniques for the analysis of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors. Biotechniques 37:73–83
Hu X, Laragione T, Sun L, Koshy S, Jones KR, Ismailov II, Yotnda P, Horrigan FT, Gulko PS, Beeton C (2012) KCa1.1 potassium channels regulate key pro-inflammatory and invasive properties of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. J Biol Chem 287:4014–4022
Hu X, Beeton C (2010) Detection of functional matrix metalloproteinases by zymography. J Vis Exp 45:pii 2445
Tanner MR, Hu X, Huq R, Tajhya RB, Sun L, Khan FS, Laragione T, Horrigan FT, Gulko PS, Beeton C (2015) KCa1.1 inhibition attenuates fibroblast-like synoviocyte invasiveness and ameliorates rat models of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 67:96–106
Pan H, Chen J, Xu J, Chen M, Ma R (2009) Antifibrotic effect by activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma in corneal fibroblasts. Mol Vis 15:2279–2286
Puente J, Jaque M, Carrasco C, Cruz C, Valenzuela M, Wolf M, Mosnaim A (2008) Triptan drugs, natural killer cell cytotoxicity, and neutrophils pro-matrix metalloproteinase-9 secretion. Headache 48:1482–1489
Toth M, Sohail A, Fridman R (2012) Assessment of gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) by gelatin zymography. Methods Mol Biol 878:121–135
Acknowledgment
This work was supported in part by funding from Baylor College of Medicine and National Institutes of Health grants AR059838 and NS073712 to C.B.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Tajhya, R.B., Patel, R.S., Beeton, C. (2017). Detection of Matrix Metalloproteinases by Zymography. In: Galea, C. (eds) Matrix Metalloproteases. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1579. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6863-3_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6863-3_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-6861-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-6863-3
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols