Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are emerging as one of the unsurpassed therapeutic tools to treat various devastating diseases that are affecting millions of lives. Conventional synthesis of peptides requires longer times, and hence automated microwave technology could be regarded as an alternative implement which offers advantages like less reaction times and higher yields. In this sense, we herein describe a methodology to prepare AMPs through solid-phase peptide synthesis under microwave conditions. We have used LL37 as an example to discuss the synthetic protocol including the difficulties involved in the preparation of so-called long and difficult peptides and also remedial procedures to overcome these obstacles.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Seo M-D, Won H-S, Kim J-H, Mishig-Ochir T, Lee B-J (2012) Antimicrobial peptides for therapeutic applications: a review. Molecules 17:12276–12286
Phoenix DA, Dennison S, Harris F (2013) Antimicrobial peptides. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
Giuliani A, Pirri G, Nicoletto SF (2007) Antimicrobial peptides: an overview of a promising class of therapeutics. Cent Eur J Biol 2:1–33
Paraje MG (2011) Antimicrobial resistance in biofilms. In: Mendez-Vilas A (ed) Science against microbial pathogens: communicating current research and technological advances. Formatex Research Center, Spain, pp 736–744
Bayer E, Mutter M (1972) Liquid phase synthesis of peptides. Nature 237:512–513
Thayer AM (2011) Improving peptides: making peptides at large scale. Chem Eng News 89:13–20
Pedersen SL, Tofteng AP, Malik L, Jensen KJ (2012) Microwave heating in solid-phase peptide synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 41:1826–1844
Fields GB, Angeletti RH, Bonewald LF, Moore WT, Smith AJ, Stults JT, Williams LC (1995) Correlation of cleavage techniques with side - reactions following solid - phase peptide synthesis. In: Crabb J (ed) Techniques in protein chemistry IV. Academic, New York, NY, pp 539–548
Collins JM, Porter KA, Singh SK, Vanier GS (2014) High-efficiency solid phase peptide synthesis (HE-SPPS). Org Lett 16:940–943
Dutta J, Ramesh S, Radebe SM, Somboro AM, de la Torre BG, Kruger HG, Essack SY, Albericio F, Govender T (2015) Optimized microwave-assisted synthesis of LL37, a cathelicidin human antimicrobial peptide. Int J Pept Res Ther 21:13–20
Hachmann J, Lebl M (2006) Search for optimal coupling reagent in multiple peptide synthesizer. Biopolymers 84:340–347
Subiros-Funosas R, Prohens R, Barbas R, El-Faham A, Albericio F (2009) Oxyma: an efficient additive for peptide synthesis to replace the benzotriazole-based HOBt and HOAt with a lower risk of explosion. Chemistry 15:9394–9403
Wehrstedt KD, Wandrey PA, Heitkamp D (2005) Explosive properties of 1-hydroxybenzotriazoles. J Hazard Mater 126:1–7
Jad YE, Acosta GA, Khattab SN, de la Torre BG, Govender T, Kruger HG, El-Faham A, Albericio F (2015) Peptide synthesis beyond DMF: THF and ACN as excellent and friendlier alternatives. Org Bio Chem 13:2393–2398
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Ramesh, S., de la Torre, B.G., Albericio, F., Kruger, H.G., Govender, T. (2017). Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Antimicrobial Peptides. In: Hansen, P. (eds) Antimicrobial Peptides. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1548. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6737-7_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6737-7_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-6735-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-6737-7
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols