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Label-Free Sensing on Microarrays

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Small Molecule Microarrays

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1518))

Abstract

Microarrays of biological molecules such as DNAs, proteins, carbohydrates, and small molecules provide a high-throughput platform for screening tens of thousands of biomolecular interactions simultaneously, facilitating the functional characterization of these biomolecules in areas of genomics, proteomics, glycomics, and cytomics. Routinely, analysis of binding reactions between solution-phased probes and surface-immobilized targets involves some kinds of fluorescence-based detection methods. Even though these methods have advantages of high sensitivity and wide dynamic range, labeling probes and/or targets inevitably changes their innate properties and in turn affects probe–target interactions in often uncharacterized ways. Therefore, in recent years, various label-free sensing technologies have been developed for characterizing biomolecular interactions in microarray format. These biosensors, to a certain extent, take the place of fluorescent methods by providing a comparable sensitivity as well as retaining the conformational and functional integrality of biomolecules to be investigated. More importantly, some of these biosensors are capable of real-time monitoring probe–target interactions, providing the binding affinities of these reactions. Using label-free biosensors in microarrays has become a current trend in developing high-throughput screening platforms for drug discoveries and applications in all areas of “-omics.” This article is aimed to provide principles and recent developments in label-free sensing technologies applicable to microarrays, with special attentions being paid to surface plasmon resonance microscopy and oblique-incidence reflectivity difference microscopy.

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Acknowledgement

The author thanks financial supports from Taiwan MOST 105-2112-M-030-002-MY2.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, 24205

    Yung-Shin Sun

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  1. Yung-Shin Sun
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Correspondence to Yung-Shin Sun .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. DSO National Laboratories, Defence Medical and Environmental Resear, Singapore, Singapore

    Mahesh Uttamchandani

  2. Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Shao Q. Yao

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Sun, YS. (2017). Label-Free Sensing on Microarrays. In: Uttamchandani, M., Yao, S. (eds) Small Molecule Microarrays. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1518. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6584-7_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6584-7_7

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