Abstract
The key roles played by gamma-delta (γδ) T cells in immunity to infection and tumors critically depend on their differentiation into effectors capable of secreting cytokines (such as interferon-γ or interleukin-17), and killing infected or transformed cells. Here we detail the main methods used to investigate the differentiation of γδ T cells from murine or human origin. We describe developmental assays, such as thymic organ cultures (TOCs) and coculture of progenitors cells with OP9-DL1 stomal cells, as well as functional assays typically employed to evaluate γδ T cell cytotoxicity and cytokine production.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Jensen KD, Su X, Shin S et al (2008) Thymic selection determines gammadelta T cell effector fate: antigen-naive cells make interleukin-17 and antigen-experienced cells make interferon gamma. Immunity 29(1):90–100. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2008.04.022
Ribot JC, deBarros A, Pang DJ et al (2009) CD27 is a thymic determinant of the balance between interferon-gamma- and interleukin 17-producing gammadelta T cell subsets. Nat Immunol 10(4):427–436. doi:10.1038/ni.1717
Strid J, Sobolev O, Zafirova B, Polic B, Hayday A (2011) The intraepithelial T cell response to NKG2D-ligands links lymphoid stress surveillance to atopy. Science 334(6060):1293–1297. doi:10.1126/science.1211250
Rhodes KA, Andrew EM, Newton DJ, Tramonti D, Carding SR (2008) A subset of IL-10-producing gammadelta T cells protect the liver from Listeria-elicited, CD8(+) T cell-mediated injury. Eur J Immunol 38(8):2274–2283. doi:10.1002/eji.200838354
Seo N, Tokura Y, Takigawa M, Egawa K (1999) Depletion of IL-10- and TGF-beta-producing regulatory gamma delta T cells by administering a daunomycin-conjugated specific monoclonal antibody in early tumor lesions augments the activity of CTLs and NK cells. J Immunol 163(1):242–249
Lukens JR, Barr MJ, Chaplin DD, Chi H, Kanneganti TD (2012) Inflammasome-derived IL-1beta regulates the production of GM-CSF by CD4(+) T cells and gammadelta T cells. J Immunol 188(7):3107–3115. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1103308
Correia DV, Lopes A, Silva-Santos B (2013) Tumor cell recognition by gammadelta T lymphocytes: T-cell receptor vs NK-cell receptors. Oncoimmunology 2(1):e22892. doi:10.4161/onci.22892
Hayday AC (2000) [gamma][delta] cells: a right time and a right place for a conserved third way of protection. Annu Rev Immunol 18:975–1026. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.18.1.975
Hayday AC (2009) Gammadelta T cells and the lymphoid stress-surveillance response. Immunity 31(2):184–196. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2009.08.006
Schmolka N, Serre K, Grosso AR et al (2013) Epigenetic and transcriptional signatures of stable versus plastic differentiation of proinflammatory gammadelta T cell subsets. Nat Immunol 14(10):1093–1100. doi:10.1038/ni.2702
Ribot JC, Ribeiro ST, Correia DV, Sousa AE, Silva-Santos B (2014) Human gammadelta thymocytes are functionally immature and differentiate into cytotoxic type 1 effector T cells upon IL-2/IL-15 signaling. J Immunol 192(5):2237–2243. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1303119
DeBarros A, Chaves-Ferreira M, d'Orey F, Ribot JC, Silva-Santos B (2011) CD70-CD27 interactions provide survival and proliferative signals that regulate T cell receptor-driven activation of human gammadelta peripheral blood lymphocytes. Eur J Immunol 41(1):195–201. doi:10.1002/eji.201040905
Dieli F, Poccia F, Lipp M et al (2003) Differentiation of effector/memory Vdelta2 T cells and migratory routes in lymph nodes or inflammatory sites. J Exp Med 198(3):391–397. doi:10.1084/jem.20030235
Silva-Santos B, Serre K, Norell H (2015) gammadelta T cells in cancer. Nat Rev Immunol 15(11):683–691. doi:10.1038/nri3904
Gentles AJ, Newman AM, Liu CL et al (2015) The prognostic landscape of genes and infiltrating immune cells across human cancers. Nat Med 21(8):938–945. doi:10.1038/nm.3909
Gomes AQ, Martins DS, Silva-Santos B (2010) Targeting gammadelta T lymphocytes for cancer immunotherapy: from novel mechanistic insight to clinical application. Cancer Res 70(24):10024–10027. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-3236
Cai Y, Shen X, Ding C et al (2011) Pivotal role of dermal IL-17-producing gammadelta T cells in skin inflammation. Immunity 35(4):596–610. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2011.08.001
Caccamo N, La Mendola C, Orlando V et al (2011) Differentiation, phenotype, and function of interleukin-17-producing human Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells. Blood 118(1):129–138. doi:10.1182/blood-2011-01-331298
Wu P, Wu D, Ni C et al (2014) gammadeltaT17 cells promote the accumulation and expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in human colorectal cancer. Immunity 40(5):785–800. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2014.03.013
Gomes AQ, Correia DV, Grosso AR et al (2010) Identification of a panel of ten cell surface protein antigens associated with immunotargeting of leukemias and lymphomas by peripheral blood gammadelta T cells. Haematologica 95(8):1397–1404. doi:10.3324/haematol.2009.020602
Michel ML, Pang DJ, Haque SF et al (2012) Interleukin 7 (IL-7) selectively promotes mouse and human IL-17-producing gammadelta cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109(43):17549–17554. doi:10.1073/pnas.1204327109
Acknowledgement
This work was supported by the European Research Council (CoG_646701 to B.S.-S.); and the Investigator FCT (to J.C.R. and K.S.) programme of Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Ribot, J.C., Serre, K., Silva-Santos, B. (2017). Developmental and Functional Assays to Study Murine and Human γδ T Cells. In: Lugli, E. (eds) T-Cell Differentiation. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1514. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6548-9_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6548-9_18
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-6546-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-6548-9
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols