Abstract
Methylation has a profound role in the regulation of numerous biological processes in bacteria including virulence. The study of methylation in bacteria has greatly advanced thanks to next-generation sequencing technologies. These technologies have expedited the process of uncovering unique features of many bacterial methylomes such as characterizing previously uncharacterized methyltransferases, cataloging genome-wide DNA methylations in bacteria, identifying the frequency of methylation at particular genomic loci, and revealing regulatory roles of methylation in the biology of various bacterial species. For instance, methylation has been cited as a potential source for the pathogenicity differences observed in C. jejuni strains with syntenic genomes as seen in recent publications. Here, we describe the methodology for the use of Pacific Biosciences’ single molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing for detecting methylation patterns in C. jejuni and bioinformatics tools to profile its methylome.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Korlach J, Turner SW (2012) Going beyond five bases in DNA sequencing. Curr Opin Struct Biol 22(3):251–261. doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2012.04.002, http://dx.doi.org/
Davis BM, Chao MC, Waldor MK (2013) Entering the era of bacterial epigenomics with single molecule real time DNA sequencing. Curr Opin Microbiol 16(2):192–198. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2013.01.011, http://dx.doi.org/
Flusberg BA, Webster DR, Lee JH et al (2010) Direct detection of DNA methylation during single-molecule, real-time sequencing. Nat Methods 7(6):461–465
Eid J, Fehr A, Gray J et al (2009) Real-time DNA sequencing from single polymerase molecules. Science 323(5910):133–138. doi:10.1126/science.1162986
McCarthy A (2010) Third generation DNA sequencing: Pacific Biosciences' single molecule real time technology. Chem Biol 17(7):675–676. doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2010.07.004, http://dx.doi.org/
Murray IA, Clark TA, Morgan RD et al (2012) The methylomes of six bacteria. Nucleic Acids Res 40(22):11450–11462. doi:10.1093/nar/gks891
Sánchez-Romero MA, Cota I, Casadesús J (2015) DNA methylation in bacteria: from the methyl group to the methylome. Curr Opin Microbiol 25:9–16. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2015.03.004, http://dx.doi.org/
Mou KT, Muppirala U, Severin A et al (2015) A comparative analysis of methylome profiles of Campylobacter jejuni sheep abortion isolate and gastroenteric strains using PacBio data. Front Microbiol 5:1–15. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00782
O’Loughlin JL, Eucker TP, Chavez JD et al (2015) Analysis of the Campylobacter jejuni Genome by SMRT DNA Sequencing Identifies Restriction-Modification Motifs. PloS One 10(2):e0118533. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118533
Roberts RJ, Vincze T, Posfai J et al (2010) REBASE – a database for DNA restriction and modification: enzymes, genes and genomes. Nucleic Acids Res 38(Database issue):21
Chin CS, Alexander DH, Marks P et al (2013) Nonhybrid, finished microbial genome assemblies from long-read SMRT sequencing data. Nat Methods 10(6):563–569
Krzywinski M, Schein J, Birol İ et al (2009) Circos: an information aesthetic for comparative genomics. Genome Res 19(9):1639–1645. doi:10.1101/gr.092759.109
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Fellowships Grant Program of the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture grant 2013-67011-21155, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases grant K08AI07052303, and Iowa State University start-up funds.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Mou, K.T., Clark, T.A., Muppirala, U.K., Severin, A.J., Plummer, P.J. (2017). Methods for Genome-Wide Methylome Profiling of Campylobacter jejuni . In: Butcher, J., Stintzi, A. (eds) Campylobacter jejuni. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1512. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6536-6_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6536-6_17
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-6534-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-6536-6
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols