Abstract
Blood vessels compartmentalize blood flow and irrigate tissues, while allowing bidirectional exchanges. Vascular permeability permits fluids, small molecules and cells to cross the endothelial barrier. This process can be modulated, among others, by the guidance molecules from the semaphorin family. Here, we describe both in vitro and in vivo assays to evaluate the effects of Semaphorin 3A on vascular permeability. We also focused this chapter on methods to preclude semaphorin effects validating its pro-permeability action. These approaches could then be applied to other potential semaphorins and molecules modulating permeability.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Gavard J (2009) Breaking the VE-cadherin bonds. FEBS Lett 583(1):1–6
Treps L, Le Guelte A, Gavard J (2013) Emerging roles of semaphorins in the regulation of epithelial and endothelial junctions. Tissue Barriers 1(1), e23272
Lampugnani MG, Resnati M, Raiteri M et al (1992) A novel endothelial-specific membrane protein is a marker of cell-cell contacts. J Cell Biol 118(6):1511–1522
Kriehuber E, Breiteneder-Geleff S, Groeger M et al (2001) Isolation and characterization of dermal lymphatic and blood endothelial cells reveal stable and functionally specialized cell lineages. J Exp Med 194(6):797–808
Dejana E, Orsenigo F, Lampugnani MG (2008) The role of adherens junctions and VE-cadherin in the control of vascular permeability. J Cell Sci 121(Pt 13):2115–2122
Carmeliet P, Lampugnani MG, Moons L et al (1999) Targeted deficiency or cytosolic truncation of the VE-cadherin gene in mice impairs VEGF-mediated endothelial survival and angiogenesis. Cell 98(2):147–157
Corada M, Zanetta L, Orsenigo F et al (2002) A monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial-cadherin inhibits tumor angiogenesis without side effects on endothelial permeability. Blood 100(3):905–911
May C, Doody JF, Abdullah R et al (2005) Identification of a transiently exposed VE-cadherin epitope that allows for specific targeting of an antibody to the tumor neovasculature. Blood 105(11):4337–4344
Azzi S, Hebda JK, Gavard J (2013) Vascular permeability and drug delivery in cancers. Front Oncol 3:211
Gavard J, Gutkind JS (2006) VEGF controls endothelial-cell permeability by promoting the beta-arrestin-dependent endocytosis of VE-cadherin. Nat Cell Biol 8(11):1223–1234
Orsenigo F, Giampietro C, Ferrari A et al (2012) Phosphorylation of VE-cadherin is modulated by haemodynamic forces and contributes to the regulation of vascular permeability in vivo. Nat Commun 3:1208
Koch S, Claesson-Welsh L (2012) Signal transduction by vascular endothelial growth factor receptors. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2(7):a006502
Acevedo LM, Barillas S, Weis SM et al (2008) Semaphorin 3A suppresses VEGF-mediated angiogenesis yet acts as a vascular permeability factor. Blood 111(5):2674–2680
Folkins C, Shaked Y, Man S et al (2009) Glioma tumor stem-like cells promote tumor angiogenesis and vasculogenesis via vascular endothelial growth factor and stromal-derived factor 1. Cancer Res 69(18):7243–7251
Le Guelte A, Galan-Moya EM, Dwyer J et al (2012) Semaphorin 3A elevates endothelial cell permeability through PP2A inactivation. J Cell Sci 125(Pt 17):4137–4146
Dwyer J, Hebda JK, Le Guelte A et al (2012) Glioblastoma cell-secreted interleukin-8 induces brain endothelial cell permeability via CXCR2. PLoS One 7(9), e45562
Le Guelte A, Dwyer J, Gavard J (2011) Jumping the barrier: VE-cadherin, VEGF and other angiogenic modifiers in cancer. Biol Cell 103(12):593–605
Cerani A, Tetreault N, Menard C et al (2013) Neuron-derived semaphorin 3A is an early inducer of vascular permeability in diabetic retinopathy via neuropilin-1. Cell Metab 18(4):505–518
Weksler BB, Subileau EA, Perriere N et al (2005) Blood-brain barrier-specific properties of a human adult brain endothelial cell line. FASEB J 19(13):1872–1874
Yardeni T, Eckhaus M, Morris D et al (2011) Retro-orbital injections in mice. Lab Anim 40(5):155–160
Edgell CJ, McDonald CC, Graham JB (1983) Permanent cell line expressing human factor VIII-related antigen established by hybridization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80(12):3734–3737
Treps L, Edmond S, Harford-Wright E, Galan-Moya EM, Schmitt A, Azzi S, Citerne A, Bidère N, Ricard D, Gavard J (2016) Extracellular vesicle-transported Semaphorin3A promotes vascular permeability in glioblastoma. Oncogene 35(20):2615–2623
O’Connell KA, Edidin M (1990) A mouse lymphoid endothelial cell line immortalized by simian virus 40 binds lymphocytes and retains functional characteristics of normal endothelial cells. J Immunol 144(2):521–525
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Treps, L., Gavard, J. (2017). Assaying the Action of Secreted Semaphorins on Vascular Permeability. In: Terman, J. (eds) Semaphorin Signaling. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1493. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6448-2_30
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6448-2_30
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-6446-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-6448-2
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols