Abstract
Primary tissue culture is an invaluable technique in cell biology and has a long history in demonstrating its versatility in characterizing cellular morphology, function, and behavior. Here, we describe a modified, low density, long-term, primary neuron culture system to characterize dendritic morphology and synaptic spine organization in developing mouse cortical neurons. While this method can be applied to investigate the signaling pathways of a range of extracellular cues’ effect on neuronal development, we focus on how distinct secreted semaphorins regulate dendritic elaboration and spine morphogenesis in deep layer cortical neurons.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Baker LE, Carrel A (1926) Action on fibroblasts of the protein fraction of embryonic tissue extract. J Exp Med 44:387–395
Baker LE, Carrel A (1926) Effect of the amino acids and dialyzable constituents of embryonic tissue juice on the growth of fibroblasts. J Exp Med 44:397–407
Carrel A, Baker LE (1926) The chemical nature of substances required for cell multiplication. J Exp Med 44:503–521
Baker LE, Carrel A (1928) The effect of digests of pure proteins on cell proliferation. J Exp Med 47:353–370
Mains RE, Patterson PH (1973) Primary cultures of dissociated sympathetic neurons. I. Establishment of long-term growth in culture and studies of differentiated properties. J Cell Biol 59:329–345
Patterson PH, Reichardt LF, Chun LL (1976) Biochemical studies on the development of primary sympathetic neurons in cell culture. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 40:389–397
Faivre-Bauman A, Nemeskeri A, Tougard C et al (1980) Immunological evidence for thyroliberin (TRH) neurons in primary cultures of fetal mouse brain cells. Ontogenic aspects. Brain Res 185:289–304
Faivre-Bauman A, Rosenbaum E, Puymirat J et al (1981) Differentiation of fetal mouse hypothalamic cells in serum-free medium. Dev Neurosci 4:118–129
Fishell G, Hatten ME (1991) Astrotactin provides a receptor system for CNS neuronal migration. Development 113:755–765
Fishman RB, Hatten ME (1993) Multiple receptor systems promotes CNS neural migration. J Neurosci 13:3485–3495
Maeda N, Noda M (1998) Involvement of receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase ζ/RPTPβ and its ligand pleiotrophin/heparin-binding growth-associated molecule (HB-GAM) in neuronal migration. J Cell Biol 142:203–216
Howell BW, Herrick TM, Cooper JA (1999) Reelin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Disabled 1 during neuronal positioning. Genes Dev 13:643–648
Brewer GJ, Cotman CW (1989) Survival and growth of hippocampal neurons in defined medium at low density: advantages of a sandwich culture technique or low oxygen. Brain Res 494:65–74
Brewer GJ, Torricelli JR, Evege EK et al (1993) Optimized survival of hippocampal neurons in B27-supplemented Neurobasal, a new serum-free medium combination. J Neurosci Res 35:567–576
Tran TS, Rubio ME, Clem RL et al (2009) Secreted semaphorins control spine distribution and morphogenesis in the postnatal CNS. Nature 462:1065–1069
de Anda FC, Rosario AL, Durak O et al (2012) Autism spectrum disorder susceptibility gene TAOK2 affects basal dendrite formation in the neocortex. Nat Neurosci 15:1022–1031
Pramatarova A, Ochalski PG, Chen K et al (2003) Nck beta interacts with tyrosine-phosphorylated disabled 1 and redistributes in Reelin-stimulated neurons. Mol Cell Biol 23:7210–7221
Chen K, Ochalski PG, Tran TS et al (2004) Interaction between Dab1 and CrkII is promoted by Reelin signaling. J Cell Sci 117:4527–4536
Hoe HS, Tran TS, Matsuoka Y et al (2006) DAB1 and Reelin effects on amyloid precursor protein and ApoE receptor 2 trafficking and processing. J Biol Chem 281:35176–35185
Mlechkovich G, Peng S-S, Shacham V et al (2014) Distinct cytoplasmic domains in Plexin-A4 mediate diverse responses to semaphorin 3A in developing mammalian neurons. Sci Signal 7:ra24
Lom B, Cohen-Cory S (1999) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor differentially regulates retinal ganglion cell dendritic and axonal arborization in vivo. J Neurosci 19:9928–9938
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Patrice Maurel (Rutgers-Newark) and members of the Tran lab for their helpful comments. Work in the authors’ lab on semaphorin signaling in cortical neuron morphogenesis was supported by the Charles and Johanna Busch Biomedical grant to T.S.T.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Peng, SS., Tran, T.S. (2017). Regulation of Cortical Dendrite Morphology and Spine Organization by Secreted Semaphorins: A Primary Culture Approach. In: Terman, J. (eds) Semaphorin Signaling. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1493. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6448-2_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6448-2_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-6446-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-6448-2
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols