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Combined Neurotrauma Models: Experimental Models Combining Traumatic Brain Injury and Secondary Insults

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Injury Models of the Central Nervous System

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1462))

Abstract

Patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) frequently present with concomitant injuries that may cause secondary brain injury and impact outcomes. Animal models have been developed that combine contemporary models of TBI with a secondary neurologic insult such as hypoxia, shock, long bone fracture, and radiation exposure. Combined injury models may be particularly useful when modeling treatment strategies and in efforts to map basic research to a heterogeneous patient population. Here, we review these models and their collective contribution to the literature on TBI. In addition, we provide protocols and notes for two well-characterized models of TBI plus hemorrhagic shock.

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Acknowledgements

NICHD T32 HD40686; U.S. Army grants W81XWH-10-1-0623 and WH81XWH-14-2-0018; NIH grant NS087978.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA

    Dennis W. Simon, Patrick M. Kochanek & Robert S. B. Clark M.D.

  2. Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Dennis W. Simon, Patrick M. Kochanek & Robert S. B. Clark M.D.

  3. Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Dennis W. Simon, Vincent M. Vagni, Patrick M. Kochanek & Robert S. B. Clark M.D.

  4. Department of Anesthesiology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Patrick M. Kochanek

  5. The Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Robert S. B. Clark M.D.

Authors
  1. Dennis W. Simon
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  2. Vincent M. Vagni
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  3. Patrick M. Kochanek
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  4. Robert S. B. Clark M.D.
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Robert S. B. Clark M.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Banyan Biomarkers, Inc., Alachua, Florida, USA

    Firas H. Kobeissy

  2. Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    C. Edward Dixon

  3. Banyan Biomarkers, Inc. , Alachua, Florida, USA

    Ronald L. Hayes

  4. Banyan Biomarkers, Inc., Alachua, Florida, USA

    Stefania Mondello

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Simon, D.W., Vagni, V.M., Kochanek, P.M., Clark, R.S.B. (2016). Combined Neurotrauma Models: Experimental Models Combining Traumatic Brain Injury and Secondary Insults. In: Kobeissy, F., Dixon, C., Hayes, R., Mondello, S. (eds) Injury Models of the Central Nervous System. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1462. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3816-2_22

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3816-2_22

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  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-3814-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-3816-2

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