Abstract
Over the past decades, in vivo vascular permeability measurements have provided significant insight into vascular functions in physiological and pathophysiological conditions such as the response to pro- and anti-angiogenic signaling, abnormality of tumor vasculature and its normalization, and delivery and efficacy of therapeutic agents. Different approaches for vascular permeability measurements have been established. Here, we describe and discuss a conventional 2D imaging method to measure vascular permeability, which was originally documented by Gerlowski and Jain in 1986 (Microvasc Res 31:288–305, 1986) and further developed by Yuan et al. in the early 1990s (Microvasc Res 45:269–289, 1993; Cancer Res 54:352–3356, 1994), and our recently developed 3D imaging method, which advances the approach originally described by Brown et al. in 2001 (Nat Med 7:864–868, 2001).
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Echoe Bouta, Cheryl Cui, Nir Maimon, Lance L. Munn, and Rakesh K. Jain from the E.L. Steele Laboratories and Cedric Blatter and Benjamin Vakoc from the Wellman Center for Photomedicine (Massachusetts General Hospital, USA) for insightful discussions and intellectual input. We would like to thank Lance L. Munn for his help with illustrations and Cedric Blatter for his tremendous help with vessel masking and MATLAB coding for the 3D method. This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health grants P01-CA080124 (DF), DP2-OD008780 (TPP) and R01-HL128168 (TPP, JWB).
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Meijer, E.F.J., Baish, J.W., Padera, T.P., Fukumura, D. (2016). Measuring Vascular Permeability In Vivo. In: Ursini-Siegel, J., Beauchemin, N. (eds) The Tumor Microenvironment. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1458. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3801-8_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3801-8_6
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