Skip to main content

Evaluation of the Adaptive Immune Response to Respiratory Syncytial Virus

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1442))

Abstract

Evaluation of the adaptive immune response is critical to the advancement of our basic knowledge and understanding of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The cellular composition in the lung following RSV infection is often evaluated using flow cytometry. However, a limitation of this approach has been the inability to readily distinguish cells that are within the lung parenchyma from cells that remain in the pulmonary blood vessels. Herein, we detail a procedure to evaluate the adaptive immune response via flow cytometric analysis that incorporates an in vivo intravascular staining technique. This technique allows for discrimination of immune cells in the lung tissue from cells that remain in the pulmonary vasculature following perfusion. Therefore at any given time point following an RSV infection, the leukocytic populations in the lung parenchyma can be quantified and phenotypically assessed with high resolution. While we focus on the T lymphocyte response in the lung, this technique can be readily adapted to examine various leukocytic cell types in the lung following RSV infection.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Hall CB, Walsh EE, Long CE, Schnabel KC (1991) Immunity to and frequency of reinfection with respiratory syncytial virus. J Infect Dis 163(4):693–698

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Glezen WP, Taber LH, Frank AL, Kasel JA (1986) Risk of primary infection and reinfection with respiratory syncytial virus. Am J Dis Child 140(6):543–546

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Glezen WP, Paredes A, Allison JE, Taber LH, Frank AL (1981) Risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection for infants from low-income families in relationship to age, sex, ethnic group, and maternal antibody level. J Pediatr 98(5):708–715

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Groothuis JR, Simoes EA, Levin MJ, Hall CB, Long CE, Rodriguez WJ, Arrobio J, Meissner HC, Fulton DR, Welliver RC et al (1993) Prophylactic administration of respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin to high-risk infants and young children. The Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immune Globulin Study Group. N Engl J Med 329(21):1524–1530. doi:10.1056/NEJM199311183292102

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. McIntosh K, Masters HB, Orr I, Chao RK, Barkin RM (1978) The immunologic response to infection with respiratory syncytial virus in infants. J Infect Dis 138(1):24–32

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Graham BS, Bunton LA, Rowland J, Wright PF, Karzon DT (1991) Respiratory syncytial virus infection in anti-mu-treated mice. J Virol 65(9):4936–4942

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Graham BS, Bunton LA, Wright PF, Karzon DT (1991) Reinfection of mice with respiratory syncytial virus. J Med Virol 34(1):7–13

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Graham BS, Bunton LA, Wright PF, Karzon DT (1991) Role of T lymphocyte subsets in the pathogenesis of primary infection and rechallenge with respiratory syncytial virus in mice. J Clin Invest 88(3):1026–1033. doi:10.1172/JCI115362

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Bangham CR, Openshaw PJ, Ball LA, King AM, Wertz GW, Askonas BA (1986) Human and murine cytotoxic T cells specific to respiratory syncytial virus recognize the viral nucleoprotein (N), but not the major glycoprotein (G), expressed by vaccinia virus recombinants. J Immunol 137(12):3973–3977

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Anderson KG, Sung H, Skon CN, Lefrancois L, Deisinger A, Vezys V, Masopust D (2012) Cutting edge: intravascular staining redefines lung CD8 T cell responses. J Immunol 189(6):2702–2706. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1201682

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Knudson CJ, Weiss KA, Hartwig SM, Varga SM (2014) The pulmonary localization of virus-specific T lymphocytes is governed by the tissue tropism of infection. J Virol 88(16):9010–9016. doi:10.1128/JVI.00329-14

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Teijaro JR, Turner D, Pham Q, Wherry EJ, Lefrancois L, Farber DL (2011) Cutting edge: Tissue-retentive lung memory CD4 T cells mediate optimal protection to respiratory virus infection. J Immunol 187(11):5510–5514. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1102243

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Galkina E, Thatte J, Dabak V, Williams MB, Ley K, Braciale TJ (2005) Preferential migration of effector CD8+ T cells into the interstitium of the normal lung. J Clin Invest 115(12):3473–3483. doi:10.1172/JCI24482

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Zhang L, Peeples ME, Boucher RC, Collins PL, Pickles RJ (2002) Respiratory syncytial virus infection of human airway epithelial cells is polarized, specific to ciliated cells, and without obvious cytopathology. J Virol 76(11):5654–5666

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Tyrrell DA, Mika-Johnson M, Phillips G, Douglas WH, Chapple PJ (1979) Infection of cultured human type II pneumonocytes with certain respiratory viruses. Infect Immun 26(2):621–629

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. McDermott DS, Knudson CJ, Varga SM (2014) Determining the breadth of the respiratory syncytial virus-specific T cell response. J Virol 88(6):3135–3143. doi:10.1128/JVI.02139-13

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Steven M. Varga .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Knudson, C.J., Weiss, K.A., Stoley, M.E., Varga, S.M. (2016). Evaluation of the Adaptive Immune Response to Respiratory Syncytial Virus. In: Tripp, R., Jorquera, P. (eds) Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1442. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3687-8_17

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3687-8_17

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-3685-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-3687-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics