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PET Imaging as a Diagnostic Tool in Alzheimer’s Disease

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Immunotherapy and Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Part of the book series: Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology ((MIPT))

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Abstract

There is a long presymptomatic period during which a person may have biomarker evidence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathophysiology but still be cognitively intact. It is yet unclear which additional factors that ultimately will determine progression to mild cognitive impairment and eventually to AD dementia. Amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau imaging reveal in vivo the key protein aggregates seen in the AD brain and will help in early diagnosis. However, a considerable proportion of elderly individuals are Aβ PET positive while being cognitively intact. With FDG PET, a typical pattern of hypometabolism can be found in both AD and FTD, which reflects the disease progression and can be used to aid in the differential diagnostics. Moreover, tau, neurotransmitter, and neuroinflammation ligands help to understand the pathophysiology of AD, but further studies are needed to understand how they can be applied in the diagnostic process. Which combination of these biomarkers that eventually will turn out to be the most sensitive and best predictor of AD remains to be determined.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Turku PET Centre and Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

    Juha O. Rinne M.D., Ph.D. 1,*

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  1. Juha O. Rinne M.D., Ph.D. 1,*
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Correspondence to Juha O. Rinne M.D., Ph.D. 1,* .

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  1. Dept Public Health & Caring Sci Ger, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

    Martin Ingelsson

  2. Dept Public Health & Caring Sci Ger, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

    Lars Lannfelt

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Rinne, J.O. (2016). PET Imaging as a Diagnostic Tool in Alzheimer’s Disease. In: Ingelsson, M., Lannfelt, L. (eds) Immunotherapy and Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3560-4_13

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