Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Immunohistochemistry for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Breast Cancer

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1406))

Abstract

Triple-negative breast cancers are a heterogeneous group of tumors that are, as yet, not entirely understood. Although triple-negative carcinomas are strictly defined as invasive carcinomas lacking expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2, some use the terms triple-negative and basal-like cancer synonymously. It should be noted that these are not entirely equivalent. Nevertheless, it has been shown that a panel of immunohistochemical markers can be used as a surrogate for genomic profiling and thus to identify basal-like breast cancers. We describe the panels of immunohistochemical markers that can be applied and how to interpret these markers herein.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Sorlie T, Perou CM, Tibshirani R, Aas T, Geisler S, Johnsen H, Hastie T, Eisen MB, van de Rijn M, Jeffrey SS, Thorsen T, Quist H, Matese JC, Brown PO, Botstein D, Lonning PE, Borresen-Dale AL (2001) Gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas distinguish tumor subclasses with clinical implications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98(19):10869–10874. doi:10.1073/pnas.191367098

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Sorlie T, Tibshirani R, Parker J, Hastie T, Marron JS, Nobel A, Deng S, Johnsen H, Pesich R, Geisler S, Demeter J, Perou CM, Lonning PE, Brown PO, Borresen-Dale AL, Botstein D (2003) Repeated observation of breast tumor subtypes in independent gene expression data sets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(14):8418–8423. doi:10.1073/pnas.0932692100

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Badve S, Dabbs DJ, Schnitt SJ, Baehner FL, Decker T, Eusebi V, Fox SB, Ichihara S, Jacquemier J, Lakhani SR, Palacios J, Rakha EA, Richardson AL, Schmitt FC, Tan PH, Tse GM, Weigelt B, Ellis IO, Reis-Filho JS (2011) Basal-like and triple-negative breast cancers: a critical review with an emphasis on the implications for pathologists and oncologists. Mod Pathol 24(2):157–167. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2010.200

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Nielsen TO, Hsu FD, Jensen K, Cheang M, Karaca G, Hu Z, Hernandez-Boussard T, Livasy C, Cowan D, Dressler L, Akslen LA, Ragaz J, Gown AM, Gilks CB, van de Rijn M, Perou CM (2004) Immunohistochemical and clinical characterization of the basal-like subtype of invasive breast carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 10(16):5367–5374. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-0220

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Gazinska P, Grigoriadis A, Brown JP, Millis RR, Mera A, Gillett CE, Holmberg LH, Tutt AN, Pinder SE (2013) Comparison of basal-like triple-negative breast cancer defined by morphology, immunohistochemistry and transcriptional profiles. Mod Pathol 26(7):955–966. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2012.244

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Cheang MC, Voduc D, Bajdik C, Leung S, McKinney S, Chia SK, Perou CM, Nielsen TO (2008) Basal-like breast cancer defined by five biomarkers has superior prognostic value than triple-negative phenotype. Clin Cancer Res 14(5):1368–1376. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1658

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Dent R, Trudeau M, Pritchard KI, Hanna WM, Kahn HK, Sawka CA, Lickley LA, Rawlinson E, Sun P, Narod SA (2007) Triple-negative breast cancer: clinical features and patterns of recurrence. Clin Cancer Res 13(15 Pt 1):4429–4434. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-3045

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Hammond ME, Hayes DF, Dowsett M, Allred DC, Hagerty KL, Badve S, Fitzgibbons PL, Francis G, Goldstein NS, Hayes M, Hicks DG, Lester S, Love R, Mangu PB, McShane L, Miller K, Osborne CK, Paik S, Perlmutter J, Rhodes A, Sasano H, Schwartz JN, Sweep FC, Taube S, Torlakovic EE, Valenstein P, Viale G, Visscher D, Wheeler T, Williams RB, Wittliff JL, Wolff AC, American Society of Clinical Oncology; College of American Pathologists (2010) American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guideline recommendations for immunohistochemical testing of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer (unabridged version). Arch Pathol Lab Med 134(7):e48–e72. doi:10.1043/1543-2165-134.7.e48

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Wolff AC, Hammond ME, Schwartz JN, Hagerty KL, Allred DC, Cote RJ, Dowsett M, Fitzgibbons PL, Hanna WM, Langer A, McShane LM, Paik S, Pegram MD, Perez EA, Press MF, Rhodes A, Sturgeon C, Taube SE, Tubbs R, Vance GH, van de Vijver M, Wheeler TM, Hayes DF, American Society of Clinical Oncology; College of American Pathologists (2007) American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guideline recommendations for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 25(1):118–145. doi:10.1200/JCO.2006.09.2775

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Mangelsdorf DJ, Thummel C, Beato M, Herrlich P, Schutz G, Umesono K, Blumberg B, Kastner P, Mark M, Chambon P, Evans RM (1995) The nuclear receptor superfamily: the second decade. Cell 83(6):835–839

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Arteaga CL, Sliwkowski MX, Osborne CK, Perez EA, Puglisi F, Gianni L (2012) Treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer: current status and future perspectives. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 9(1):16–32. doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2011.177

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Baselga J, Swain SM (2009) Novel anticancer targets: revisiting ERBB2 and discovering ERBB3. Nat Rev Cancer 9(7):463–475. doi:10.1038/nrc2656

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Chung BM, Rotty JD, Coulombe PA (2013) Networking galore: intermediate filaments and cell migration. Curr Opin Cell Biol 25(5):600–612. doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2013.06.008

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Hanahan D, Weinberg RA (2000) The hallmarks of cancer. Cell 100(1):57–70

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Davies C, Godwin J, Gray R, Clarke M, Cutter D, Darby S, McGale P, Pan HC, Taylor C, Wang YC, Dowsett M, Ingle J, Peto R, Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (2011) Relevance of breast cancer hormone receptors and other factors to the efficacy of adjuvant tamoxifen: patient-level meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet 378(9793):771–784. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60993-8

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Rabaglio M, Aebi S, Castiglione-Gertsch M (2007) Controversies of adjuvant endocrine treatment for breast cancer and recommendations of the 2007 St Gallen conference. Lancet Oncol 8(10):940–949. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(07)70317-0

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Smith IE, Dowsett M (2003) Aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer. N Engl J Med 348(24):2431–2442. doi:10.1056/NEJMra023246

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Abd El-Rehim DM, Pinder SE, Paish CE, Bell J, Blamey RW, Robertson JF, Nicholson RI, Ellis IO (2004) Expression of luminal and basal cytokeratins in human breast carcinoma. J Pathol 203(2):661–671. doi:10.1002/path.1559

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Harvey JM, Clark GM, Osborne CK, Allred DC (1999) Estrogen receptor status by immunohistochemistry is superior to the ligand-binding assay for predicting response to adjuvant endocrine therapy in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 17(5):1474–1481

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Walker RA, Bartlett JM, Dowsett M, Ellis IO, Hanby AM, Jasani B, Miller K, Pinder SE (2008) HER2 testing in the UK: further update to recommendations. J Clin Pathol 61(7):818–824. doi:10.1136/jcp.2007.054866

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Won JR, Gao D, Chow C, Cheng J, Lau SY, Ellis MJ, Perou CM, Bernard PS, Nielsen TO (2013) A survey of immunohistochemical biomarkers for basal-like breast cancer against a gene expression profile gold standard. Mod Pathol 26(11):1438–1450. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2013.97

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Rakha EA, El-Sayed ME, Green AR, Paish EC, Lee AH, Ellis IO (2007) Breast carcinoma with basal differentiation: a proposal for pathology definition based on basal cytokeratin expression. Histopathology 50(4):434–438. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02638.x

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Fulford LG, Reis-Filho JS, Ryder K, Jones C, Gillett CE, Hanby A, Easton D, Lakhani SR (2007) Basal-like grade III invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: patterns of metastasis and long-term survival. Breast Cancer Res 9(1):R4. doi:10.1186/bcr1636

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Curtis C, Shah SP, Chin SF, Turashvili G, Rueda OM, Dunning MJ, Speed D, Lynch AG, Samarajiwa S, Yuan Y, Graf S, Ha G, Haffari G, Bashashati A, Russell R, McKinney S, Group M, Langerod A, Green A, Provenzano E, Wishart G, Pinder S, Watson P, Markowetz F, Murphy L, Ellis I, Purushotham A, Borresen-Dale AL, Brenton JD, Tavare S, Caldas C, Aparicio S (2012) The genomic and transcriptomic architecture of 2,000 breast tumours reveals novel subgroups. Nature 486(7403):346–352. doi:10.1038/nature10983

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK

    Kalnisha Naidoo

  2. Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, 3rd Floor, Bermondsey Wing, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK

    Sarah E. Pinder

Authors
  1. Kalnisha Naidoo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sarah E. Pinder
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sarah E. Pinder .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA

    Jian Cao

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Naidoo, K., Pinder, S.E. (2016). Immunohistochemistry for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. In: Cao, J. (eds) Breast Cancer. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1406. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3444-7_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3444-7_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-3442-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-3444-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation