Abstract
Multiple overlapping systemic and local inhibitory networks have evolved to prevent the unwanted deposition of mineral at ectopic sites. Fetuin-A is a liver-derived glycoprotein abundant in plasma that binds and stabilizes nascent mineral ion nuclei to form soluble colloidal high molecular weight complexes, called calciprotein particles (CPP). The binding of fetuin-A to mineral retards crystal ripening and precipitation from the aqueous phase, thereby facilitating the regulated clearance of mineral debris from the extracellular fluid. However, persistent disturbances in this humoral homeostatic system, as frequently seen in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease, may lead to the accumulation and aggregation of these nanoparticles in extraosseous tissues like the vasculature, driving inflammatory cascades, aberrant tissue remodeling, and functional impairment. Consistent with this conceptual framework, higher circulating CPP levels are associated with reduced renal function, increments in systemic inflammatory markers, derangements in bone morphogenetic cytokines, higher vascular calcification scores, aortic stiffening and an increased risk of death. This chapter describes optimized sample collection and preparative procedures for the isolation and enrichment of CPP from biological fluids. Methods for CPP quantitation are critically reviewed and detailed.
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Acknowledgements
Thanks to Dr. Eric Hansen (Bio21 Electron Microscopy Unit, University of Melbourne) for technical assistance with the EM analyses. This work was supported by an unrestricted investigator-initiated grant from Amgen Australia Pty Ltd, Baxter Pty Ltd, the Kincaid-Smith Research Foundation, and a RMH Home Lottery Research Grant-in-aid.
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Smith, E.R. (2016). The Isolation and Quantitation of Fetuin-A-Containing Calciprotein Particles from Biological Fluids. In: Hewitson, T., Smith, E., Holt, S. (eds) Kidney Research. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1397. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3353-2_15
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3353-2_15
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