Abstract
In vitro perfusion studies are frequently used to determine the penetration of compounds through skin and mucosa. Porcine tissue has been shown to be an excellent model for human tissue in terms of structure, function, and reactivity. We describe the use of porcine tissue ex-vivo in a continuous flow perfusion system to study the behavior of superantigens in this model.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Smith AJ, Jackson MS, Bagg J (2001) The ecology of Staphylococcus species in the oral cavity. Rev J Med Microbiol 50:940–946
Human Microbiome Project Consortium (2012) Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome. Nature 486:207–214. doi:10.1038/nature11234
Guinan ME, Dan BB, Guidotti RJ, Reingold AL, Schmid GP, Bettoli EJ, Lossick JG, Shands KN, Kramer MA, Hargrett NT, Anderson RL, Broome CV (1982) Vaginal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus in healthy women: a review of four studies. Ann Intern Med 96:944–947
Norris D (1989) Immunological cytotoxicity of cutaneous targets. In: Norris DA (ed) Immune mechanisms in cutaneous disease. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 123–166
Squier C, Brogden KA (eds) (2011) Human oral mucosa: development, structure, & function. Wiley, New Jersey, NJ
Martinez IR, Peters A (1971) Membrane-coating granules and membrane modifications in keratinizing epithelia. Am J Anat 130:93
Landmann L (1988) The epidermal permeability barrier. Anat Embryol 178:1–13
Squier CA (1977) Membrane coating granules in nonkeratinized oral epithelium. J Ultrastruct Res 60:212–220
Wertz PW, Swartzendruber DC, Squier CA (1993) Regional variation in the structure and permeability of oral mucosa and skin. Adv Drug Del Rev 12:1–12
Squier CA, Mantz MJ, Schlievert PM, Davis CC (2008) Porcine vagina ex vivo as a model for studying permeability and pathogenesis in mucosa. J Pharm Sci 97:9–21
Davis CC, Kremer MJ, Schlievert PM, Squier CA (2003) Penetration of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 across porcine vaginal mucosa ex vivo: permeability characteristics, toxin distribution and tissue damage. Am J Obstet Gynecol 189:1785–1789. doi:10.1016/S0002-9378(03)00873-1
Davis CC, Baccam M, Mantz MJ, Osborn TW, Hill DR, Squier CA (2014) Use of porcine vaginal tissue ex-vivo to model environmental effects on vaginal mucosa to toxic shock syndrome toxin-1. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 274:240–248. doi:10.1016/j.taap.2013.11.021
Squier CA, Kremer M, Wertz PW (1997) Continuous flow mucosal cells for measuring the in-vitro permeability of small tissue samples. J Pharm Sci 86:82–84
Peters S (ed) (2010) Frozen block cryoembedding In: A practical Guide to Frozen Section Technique. Springer Science. http://pathologyinnovations.com/frozen_section_technique.htm. Accessed 29 Sept 2014
Peters S (ed) (2010) Frozen section technique. In: A practical Guide to Frozen Section Technique. Springer Science. http://pathologyinnovations.com/frozen_block_embedding.htm. Accessed 29 Sept 2014
Paraffin processing of tissue (2012) In: Protocols Online. http://protocolsonline.com/histology/sample-preparation/paraffin-processing-of-tissue/. Accessed 29 Sept 2014
Ellis R (2011) Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) Staining Protocols. IHC World. http://www.ihcworld.com/_protocols/special_stains/h&e_ellis.htm. Accessed September 29, 2014
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Squier, C.A., Mantz, M.J. (2016). Use of an Ex Vivo Porcine Mucosal Model to Study Superantigen Penetration. In: Brosnahan, A. (eds) Superantigens. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1396. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3344-0_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3344-0_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-3342-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-3344-0
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols