Skip to main content

Single-Molecule Imaging of Signal Transduction via GPI-Anchored Receptors

  • Protocol

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1376))

Abstract

Lipid rafts have been drawing extensive attention as a signaling platform. To investigate molecular interactions in lipid rafts, we often need to observe molecules in the plasma membranes of living cells because chemical fixation and subsequent immunostaining with divalent or multivalent antibodies may change the location of the target molecules. In this chapter, we describe how to examine dynamics of raft-associated glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored receptors and interactions of the receptors with downstream signaling molecules by single-particle tracking or single-molecule imaging techniques.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Protocol
USD   49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Springer Nature is developing a new tool to find and evaluate Protocols. Learn more

References

  1. Simons K, Ikonen E (1997) Functional rafts in cell membranes. Nature 387:569–572

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Brown DA, Rose JK (1992) Sorting of GPI-anchored proteins to glycolipid-enriched membrane subdomains during transport to the apical cell surface. Cell 68:533–544

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Heerklotz H (2002) Triton promotes domain formation in lipid raft mixtures. Biophys J 83:2693–2701

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Casadei BR, Domingues CC, de Paula E, Riske KA (2014) Direct visualization of the action of Triton X-100 on giant vesicles of erythrocyte membrane lipids. Biophys J 106:2417–2425

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Tanaka KAK, Suzuki KGN, Shirai YM, Shibutani ST, Miyahara MSH, Tsuboi H et al (2010) Membrane molecules mobile even after chemical fixation. Nat Methods 7:865–866

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Suzuki KGN, Kasai RS, Hirosawa KM, Nemoto YL, Ishibashi M, Miwa Y et al (2012) Transient GPI-anchored homodimer rafts are units for raft organization and function. Nat Chem Biol 8:774–783

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Suzuki KGN, Fujiwara TK, Sanematsu F, Iino R, Edidin M, Kusumi A (2007) GPI-anchored receptor clusters transiently recruit Lyn and Gα for temporary cluster immobilization and Lyn activation: single-molecule tracking study 1. J Cell Biol 177:717–730

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Suzuki KGN, Fujiwara TK, Edidin M, Kusumi A (2007) Dynamic recruitment of phospholipase Cγ at transiently immobilized GPI-anchored receptor clusters induces IP3-Ca2+ signaling: single-molecule tracking study 2. J Cell Biol 177:731–742

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Suzuki K, Sterba RE, Sheetz MP (2000) Outer membrane monolayer domains from two-dimensional surface scanning resistance measurements. Biophys J 79:448–459

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Suzuki K, Sheetz MP (2001) Binding of cross-linking glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins to discrete actin-associated sites and cholesterol-dependent domains. Biophys J 81:2181–2189

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Suzuki KGN (2012) Lipid rafts generate digital-like signal transduction in cell plasma membranes. Biotechnol J 7:753–761

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Suzuki KGN, Kasai RS, Fujiwara TK, Kusumi A (2013) Single-molecule imaging of receptor-receptor interactions. Methods Cell Biol 117:373–390

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Murray EW, Robbins SM (1998) Antibody cross-linking of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked protein CD59 on hematopoietic cells induces signaling pathways resembling activation by complement. J Biol Chem 273:25279–25284

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Suzuki K, Ritchie K, Kajikawa E, Fujiwara T, Kusumi A (2005) Rapid hop diffusion of a G-protein-coupled receptor in the plasma membrane as revealed by single-molecule techniques. Biophys J 88:3659–3680

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Fujiwara T, Ritchie K, Murakoshi H, Jacobson K, Kusumi A (2002) Phospholipids undergo hop diffusion in compartmentalized cell membrane. J Cell Biol 157:1071–1081

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Simson R, Sheets ED, Jacobson K (1995) Detection of temporary lateral confinement of membrane proteins using single-particle tracking analysis. Biophys J 69:989–993

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Hirose K, Kadowaki S, Tanabe M, Takeshima H, Iino M (1999) Spatiotemporal dynamics of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate that underlies complex Ca2+ mobilization patterns. Science 284:1527–1530

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Raucher D, Sheetz MP (2001) Phospholipase C activation by anesthetics decreases membrane-cytoskeleton adhesion. J Cell Sci 114:3759–3766

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Sahl SJ, Leutenegger M, Hilbert M, Hell SW, Eggeling C (2010) Fast molecular tracking maps nanoscale dynamics of plasma membrane lipids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:6829–6834

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

This work was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid for Specific Research (B) (No. 24370055) and by Innovative Areas (No. 2311002) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kenichi G. N. Suzuki .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Suzuki, K.G.N. (2016). Single-Molecule Imaging of Signal Transduction via GPI-Anchored Receptors. In: Waugh, M. (eds) Lipid Signaling Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1376. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3170-5_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3170-5_19

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-3169-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-3170-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics