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Estrogen Receptors pp 489–502Cite as

GPER/GPR30 Knockout Mice: Effects of GPER on Metabolism

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Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1366))

Abstract

Endogenous estrogens, predominantly 17β-estradiol (E2), mediate various diverse effects throughout the body in both normal physiology and disease. Actions include development (including puberty) and reproduction as well as additional effects throughout life in the metabolic, endocrine, musculoskeletal, nervous, cardiovascular, and immune systems. The actions of E2 have traditionally been attributed to the classical nuclear estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) that largely mediate transcriptional/genomic activities. However, more recently the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor GPER/GPR30 has become recognized as an essential mediator of certain, and particularly rapid, signaling events in response to E2. Murine genetic knockout (KO) models represent an important approach to understand the mechanisms of E2 action in physiology and disease. Studies of GPER KO mice over the last years have revealed functions for GPER in the regulation of obesity, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, among other areas of (patho)physiology. This chapter focuses on methods for the evaluation of metabolic parameters in vivo and ex vivo with an emphasis on glucose homeostasis and metabolism through the use of glucose and insulin tolerance tests, pancreatic islet and adipocyte isolation and characterization.

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Acknowledgments

The authors have been supported by NIH grants CA116662, CA127731, and CA163890 (ERP) and the UNM Cancer Center (CA118100).

Disclosures: E.R.P. is an inventor on US patents assigned to the University of New Mexico for GPER-selective ligands and imaging agents.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine and UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA

    Geetanjali Sharma & Eric R. Prossnitz

Authors
  1. Geetanjali Sharma
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  2. Eric R. Prossnitz
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eric R. Prossnitz .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA

    Kathleen M. Eyster

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© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Sharma, G., Prossnitz, E.R. (2016). GPER/GPR30 Knockout Mice: Effects of GPER on Metabolism. In: Eyster, K.M. (eds) Estrogen Receptors. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1366. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3127-9_38

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3127-9_38

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-3126-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-3127-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

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