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Advances in Conifer Somatic Embryogenesis Since Year 2000

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In Vitro Embryogenesis in Higher Plants

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1359))

Abstract

This review compiles research results published over the last 14 years on conifer somatic embryogenesis (SE). Emphasis is placed on the newest findings that affect the response of seed embryos (typical explants) and shoot primordia (rare explants) to the induction of SE and long-term culture of early somatic embryos. Much research in recent years has focused on maturation of somatic embryos, with respect to both yield and quality, as an important stage for the production of a large number of vigorous somatic seedlings. Attempts to scale up somatic embryo production numbers and handling have resulted in a few bioreactor designs, the utility of which may prove beneficial for an industrial application. A few simplified cryopreservation methods for embryonal masses (EM) were developed as a means to ensure cost-efficient long-term storage of genotypes during clonal field testing. Finally, recent long-term studies on the growth of somatic trees in the field, including seed production yield and comparison of seed parameters produced by somatic versus seed-derived trees, are described.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. J. Bonga (Natural Resources Canada-Canadian Forest Service) for comments on the early draft of the manuscript and Mrs. I. Lamarre (NRCan-CFS) for English editing. J.F.T. and M.A.L.W. were supported by the French “Région Aquitaine” (EMBRYO2011: 09012579-045) project and by Conseil Régional de la “Région Centre” (EMBRYOME project, contract 33639), respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., 10380, Stn. Sainte-Foy, QC, Canada, G1V 4C7

    Krystyna Klimaszewska

  2. Scion, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, New Zealand

    Catherine Hargreaves

  3. INRA, UR 0588 Unité Amélioration, Génétique et Physiologie Forestières, 2163 Avenue de la Pomme de Pin, CS 4001, Ardon, Orléans Cedex 2, 45075, France

    Marie-Anne Lelu-Walter

  4. FCBA, Pôle Biotechnologie et Sylviculture Avancée, Équipe Génétique et Biotechnologie, Campus Forêt-Bois de Pierroton, 71 Route d’Arcachon, Cestas, 33610, France

    Jean-François Trontin

Authors
  1. Krystyna Klimaszewska
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  2. Catherine Hargreaves
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  3. Marie-Anne Lelu-Walter
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  4. Jean-François Trontin
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Krystyna Klimaszewska .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento DEMETRA, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

    Maria Antonietta Germana

  2. National Research Council (CNR) IVALSA/Istituto per la Valorizzazione, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy

    Maurizio Lambardi

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Klimaszewska, K., Hargreaves, C., Lelu-Walter, MA., Trontin, JF. (2016). Advances in Conifer Somatic Embryogenesis Since Year 2000. In: Germana, M., Lambardi, M. (eds) In Vitro Embryogenesis in Higher Plants. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1359. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3061-6_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3061-6_7

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-3060-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-3061-6

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