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HIV Protocols pp 265–279Cite as

Improved Methods to Detect Low Levels of HIV Using Antibody-Based Technologies

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Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1354))

Abstract

Persistence of latent virus represents a major barrier to eradicating HIV even in the current antiretroviral therapy era. A critical limitation to eliminating these viral reservoirs is the lack of reliable methods to detect, quantify, and characterize cells harboring low levels of virus. However, recent work of several laboratories indicates that PCR and viral amplification based technologies underestimate or overestimate the size of the reservoirs. Thus, new technologies and methodologies to detect, quantify, and characterize these viral reservoirs are necessary to monitor and eradicate HIV. Recent developments in imaging technologies have enabled the development or improvement of detection protocols and have facilitated the identification and quantification of several markers with exquisite resolution. In the context of HIV, we developed new protocols for the detection of low amounts of viral proteins. In this chapter, we describe several antibody-based technologies for signal amplification to improve and detect low amounts of HIV proteins in cells, tissues, and other biological samples. The improvement in these techniques is essential to detect viral reservoirs and to design strategies to eliminate them.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health grants MH075679, MH090958, and MH102113 (to J.W.B.), and MH096625 (to E.A.E.). NIH Centers for AIDS Research (CFAR) Grant AI-051519. We would like to thank the Analytical Imaging Facility at PHRI and Nikon Instruments for microscopy support (http://www.phri.org/facilities/facil_imaging.asp).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), Rutgers University, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA

    Eliseo A. Eugenin Ph.D.

  2. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA

    Eliseo A. Eugenin Ph.D.

  3. Department of Pathology, The Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jack and Pearl Resnick Campus, Forchheimer Building, Room 727, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY, 10461, USA

    Joan W. Berman Ph.D.

  4. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jack and Pearl Resnick Campus, Forchheimer Building, Room 727, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY, 10461, USA

    Joan W. Berman Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Eliseo A. Eugenin Ph.D.
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  2. Joan W. Berman Ph.D.
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Eliseo A. Eugenin Ph.D. or Joan W. Berman Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, BRONX, New York, USA

    Vinayaka R. Prasad

  2. Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, BRONX, New York, USA

    Ganjam V. Kalpana

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Eugenin, E.A., Berman, J.W. (2016). Improved Methods to Detect Low Levels of HIV Using Antibody-Based Technologies. In: Prasad, V., Kalpana, G. (eds) HIV Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1354. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3046-3_18

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3046-3_18

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-3045-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-3046-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

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