Skip to main content

Translation and Assembly of Radiolabeled Mitochondrial DNA-Encoded Protein Subunits from Cultured Cells and Isolated Mitochondria

  • Protocol
Mitochondrial DNA

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1351))

Abstract

In higher eukaryotes, the mitochondrial electron transport chain consists of five multi-subunit membrane complexes responsible for the generation of cellular ATP. Of these, four complexes are under dual genetic control as they contain subunits encoded by both the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes, thereby adding another layer of complexity to the puzzle of respiratory complex biogenesis. These subunits must be synthesized and assembled in a coordinated manner in order to ensure correct biogenesis of different respiratory complexes. Here, we describe techniques to (1) specifically radiolabel proteins encoded by mtDNA to monitor the rate of synthesis using pulse labeling methods, and (2) analyze the stability, assembly, and turnover of subunits using pulse-chase methods in cultured cells and isolated mitochondria.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Hoogenraad NJ, Ward LA, Ryan MT (2002) Import and assembly of proteins into mitochondria of mammalian cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1592:97–105

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Anderson S, Bankier AT, Barrell BG, de Bruijn MHL, Coulson AR, Drouin J, Eperon IC, Nierlich DP, Roe BA, Sanger F, Schreier PH, Smith AJH, Staden R, Young IG (1981) Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome. Nature 290:457–465

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Grollman AP (1966) Structural basis for inhibition of protein synthesis by emetine and cycloheximide based on an analogy between ipecac alkaloids and glutarimide antibiotics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 56:1867–1874

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Schneider-Poetsch T, Ju J, Eyler DE, Dang Y, Bhat S, Merrick WC, Green R, Shen B, Liu JO (2010) Inhibition of eukaryotic translation elongation by cycloheximide and lactimidomycin. Nat Chem Biol 6:209–217

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Gay DA, Sisodia SS, Cleveland DW (1989) Autoregulatory control of beta-tubulin mRNA stability is linked to translation elongation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86:5763–5767

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Kardalinou E, Zhelev N, Hazzalin CA, Mahadevan LC (1994) Anisomycin and rapamycin define an area upstream of p70/85S6k containing a bifurcation to histone H3-HMG-like protein phosphorylation and c-fos-c-jun induction. Mol Cell Biol 14:1066–1074

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Hazzalin CA, Le Panse R, Cano E, Mahadevan LC (1998) Anisomycin selectively desensitizes signalling components involved in stress kinase activation and fos and jun induction. Mol Cell Biol 18:1844–1854

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Tsuchida T, Kato T, Yamada A, Kawamoto K (2002) Cycloheximide induces apoptosis of astrocytes. Pathol Int 52:181185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Ledda-Columbano GM, Faa PCG, Manenti G, Columbano A (1992) Rapid induction of apoptosis in rat liver by cycloheximide. Am J Pathol 140:545–549

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Sugiana C, Pagliarini D, McKenzie M, Kirby D, Salemi R, Abu-Amero K, Dahl H-HM, Hutchison W, Vascotto K, Smith S, Newbold R, Christodoulou J, Calvo S, Mootha V, Ryan M, Thorburn D (2008) Mutation of C20orf7 disrupts complex I assembly and causes lethal neonatal mitochondrial disease. Am J Human Genet 83:468–546

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Dunning CJ, McKenzie M, Sugiana C, Lazarou M, Silke J, Connelly A, Fletcher JM, Kirby DM, Thorburn DR, Ryan MT (2007) Human CIA30 is involved in the early assembly of mitochondrial complex I and mutations in its gene cause disease. EMBO J 26:3227–3237

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. McKenzie M, Tucker EJ, Compton AG, Lazarou M, George C, Thorburn DR, Ryan MT (2011) Mutations in the gene encoding C8orf38 block complex i assembly by inhibiting production of the mitochondria-encoded subunit ND1. J Mol Biol 41:413–426

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Stroud D, Formosa L, Wijeyeratne X, Nguyen T, Ryan M (2013) Gene knockout using transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) reveals that human NDUFA9 protein is essential for stabilizing the junction between membrane and matrix arms of complex I. J Biol Chem 288:1685–1690

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Bai Y, Attardi G (1998) The mtDNA-encoded ND6 subunit of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase is essential for the assembly of the membrane arm and the respiratory function of the enzyme. EMBO J 17:4848–4858

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Wallace DC, Singh G, Lott MT, Hodge JA, Schurr TG, Lezza AM, Elsas LJ, Nikoskelainen EK (1988) Mitochondrial DNA mutation associated with Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy. Science 242:1427–1430

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. McKenzie M, Lazarou M, Thorburn DR, Ryan MT (2007) Analysis of mitochondrial subunit assembly into respiratory chain complexes using blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Anal Biochem 364:128–137

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Chen JJ, Jones ME (1976) The cellular location of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase: relation to de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidines. Arch Biochem Biophys 176:82–90

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. King MP, Attardi G (1989) Human cells lacking mtDNA: repopulation with exogenous mitochondria by complementation. Science 246:500–503

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Schägger H, von Jagow G (1987) Tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the separation of proteins in the range from 1 to 100 kDa. Anal Biochem 166:368–379

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Schägger H, von Jagow G (1991) Blue native electrophoresis for isolation of membrane protein complexes in enzymatically active form. Anal Biochem 199:223–231

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Wittig I, Braun H-P, Schägger H (2006) Blue native PAGE. Nat Protoc 1:418–428

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Chomyn A (1996) In vivo labeling and analysis of human mitochondrial translation products. Method Enzymol 264:197–211

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Clarke S (1976) A major polypeptide component of rat liver mitochondria: carbamyl phosphate synthetase. J Biol Chem 251:950–961

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Fernández-Silva P, Acín-Pérez R, Fernández-Vizarra E, Pérez-Martos A, Enriquez JA (2007) In vivo and in organello analyses of mitochondrial translation. Method Cell Biol 80:571–588

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael T. Ryan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Formosa, L.E., Hofer, A., Tischner, C., Wenz, T., Ryan, M.T. (2016). Translation and Assembly of Radiolabeled Mitochondrial DNA-Encoded Protein Subunits from Cultured Cells and Isolated Mitochondria. In: McKenzie, M. (eds) Mitochondrial DNA. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1351. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3040-1_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3040-1_9

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-3039-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-3040-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics