Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensors represent invaluable tools to detect the spatiotemporal context of second messenger production and intracellular signaling that cannot be attained using traditional methods. Here, we describe a detailed protocol for the use of high content imaging in combination with FRET biosensors to assess second messenger production and intracellular signaling in a time-effective manner. We use four different FRET biosensors to measure cAMP levels, kinase (ERK and PKC), and GTPase activity. Importantly, we provide the protocols to express and measure these sensors in a variety of model cell lines and primary dorsal root ganglia neurons.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Miyawaki A, Tsien RY (2000) Monitoring protein conformations and interactions by fluorescence resonance energy transfer between mutants of green fluorescent protein. Methods Enzymol 327:472–500
Ting AY, Kain KH, Klemke RL, Tsien RY (2001) Genetically encoded fluorescent reporters of protein tyrosine kinase activities in living cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:15003–15008. doi:10.1073/pnas.211564598
Zhang J, Campbell RE, Ting AY, Tsien RY (2002) Creating new fluorescent probes for cell biology. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 3:906–918. doi:10.1038/nrm976
Sato M, Ozawa T, Inukai K et al (2002) Fluorescent indicators for imaging protein phosphorylation in single living cells. Nat Biotechnol 20:287–294. doi:10.1038/nbt0302-287
Violin JD, Zhang J, Tsien RY, Newton AC (2003) A genetically encoded fluorescent reporter reveals oscillatory phosphorylation by protein kinase C. J Cell Biol 161:899–909. doi:10.1083/jcb.200302125
Harvey CD, Ehrhardt AG, Cellurale C et al (2008) A genetically encoded fluorescent sensor of ERK activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:19264–19269. doi:10.1073/pnas.0804598105
Nikolaev V, Bunemann M, Hein L et al (2004) Novel single chain cAMP sensors for receptor-induced signal propagation. J Biol Chem 279:37215–37218, doi: 10.1074/jbc.C400302200 C400302200 [pii]
Schindelin J, Arganda-Carreras I, Frise E et al (2012) Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis. Nat Meth 9:676–682. doi:10.1038/nmeth.2019
Zeitelhofer M, Vessey JP, Xie Y et al (2007) High-efficiency transfection of mammalian neurons via nucleofection. Nat Protocol 2:1692–1704. doi:10.1038/nprot.2007.226
Willoughby D, Masada N, Wachten S et al (2010) AKAP79/150 interacts with AC8 and regulates Ca2 + -dependent cAMP synthesis in pancreatic and neuronal systems. J Biol Chem 285:20328–20342. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110.120725
Willoughby D, Schwiening CJ (2002) Electrically evoked dendritic pH transients in rat cerebellar Purkinje cells. J Physiol 544:487–499
Wachten S, Masada N, Ayling L-J et al (2010) Distinct pools of cAMP centre on different isoforms of adenylyl cyclase in pituitary-derived GH3B6 cells. J Cell Sci 123:95–106. doi:10.1242/jcs.058594
Halls ML, Cooper DM. Sub-picomolar relaxin signalling by a pre-assembled RXFP1, AKAP79, AC2, β-arrestin 2, PDE4D3 complex. EMBO J 29:2772–2787. doi:10.1038/emboj.2010.168
Jensen DD, Halls ML, Murphy JE et al (2014) Endothelin-converting enzyme-1 and β-arrestins exert spatiotemporal control of substance P-induced inflammatory signals. J Biol Chem. doi:10.1074/jbc.M114.578179
Itoh RE, Kurokawa K, Ohba Y et al (2002) Activation of rac and cdc42 video imaged by fluorescent resonance energy transfer-based single-molecule probes in the membrane of living cells. Mol Cell Biol 22:6582–6591
Komatsu N, Aoki K, Yamada M et al (2011) Development of an optimized backbone of FRET biosensors for kinases and GTPases. Mol Biol Cell 22:4647–4656. doi:10.1091/mbc.E11-01-0072
Sternweis PC, Gilman AG (1982) Aluminum: a requirement for activation of the regulatory component of adenylate cyclase by fluoride. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 79:4888–4891
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by a Monash Fellowship to M. Canals, NHMRC RD Wright Career Development Fellowship to M.L. Halls (1061687), NHMRC Project Grants (1047633, 1047730, 1062230) to M. Canals, M.L. Halls and A.M. Ellisdon, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Large Grant Support Scheme grants to M. Canals and M.L. Halls, ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging and Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences Early Career Development Strategic Grant to A.M. Ellisdon.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
1 Electronic Supplementary Material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Supplemental Materials S1
FRET Analysis—Batch Analyse (ijm 9 KB))
Supplemental Materials S2
FRET Analysis—Cell Markup (ijm 3 KB)
Supplemental Materials S3
Stack Creator (ijm 20 KB)
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Halls, M.L., Poole, D.P., Ellisdon, A.M., Nowell, C.J., Canals, M. (2015). Detection and Quantification of Intracellular Signaling Using FRET-Based Biosensors and High Content Imaging. In: Filizola, M. (eds) G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Drug Discovery. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1335. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2914-6_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2914-6_10
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-2913-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-2914-6
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols