Skip to main content

FTOC-Based Analysis of Negative Selection

  • Protocol
T-Cell Development

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1323))

Abstract

Potentially harmful T cell precursors are removed from the conventional T cell pool by negative selection. This process can involve the induction of apoptosis, anergy, receptor editing or deviation into a regulatory T cell lineage. As such this process is essential for the health of an organism through its contribution to central and peripheral tolerance. While a great deal is known about the process, the precise mechanisms that regulate negative selection are not clear. Furthermore, the signals that distinguish the different forms of negative selection are not fully understood. Numerous models exist with the potential to address these questions in vitro and in vivo. This chapter describes methods of fetal thymic organ culture designed to analyze the signals that determine these unique cell fates.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Palmer E (2003) Negative selection–clearing out the bad apples from the T-cell repertoire. Nat Rev Immunol 3(5):383–391

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Starr TK, Jameson SC, Hogquist KA (2003) Positive and negative selection of T cells. Annu Rev Immunol 21:139–176

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Stritesky GL, Jameson SC, Hogquist KA (2012) Selection of self-reactive T cells in the thymus. Annu Rev Immunol 30:95–114

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Baldwin TA, Hogquist KA, Jameson SC (2004) The fourth way? Harnessing aggressive tendencies in the thymus. J Immunol 173(11):6515–6520

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Daniels MA, Devine L, Miller JD, Moser JM, Lukacher AE, Altman JD, Kavathas P, Hogquist KA, Jameson SC (2001) CD8 binding to MHC class I molecules is influenced by T cell maturation and glycosylation. Immunity 15(6):1051–1061

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Davey GM, Schober SL, Endrizzi BT, Dutcher AK, Jameson SC, Hogquist KA (1998) Preselection thymocytes are more sensitive to T cell receptor stimulation than mature T cells. J Exp Med 188(10):1867–1874

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Lucas B, Stefanová I, Yasutomo K, Dautigny N, Germain RN (1999) Divergent changes in the sensitivity of maturing T cells to structurally related ligands underlies formation of a useful T cell repertoire. Immunity 10(3):367–376

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Petrie HT, Zuniga-Pflucker JC (2007) Zoned out: functional mapping of stromal signaling microenvironments in the thymus. Annu Rev Immunol 25:649–679

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Borgne ML, Ladi E, Dzhagalov I, Herzmark P, Liao YF, Chakraborty AK, Robey EA (2009) The impact of negative selection on thymocyte migration in the medulla. Nat Immunol 10(8):823–830

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Dzhagalov IL, Chen KG, Herzmark P, Robey EA (2013) Elimination of self-reactive T cells in the thymus: a timeline for negative selection. PLoS Biol 11(5), e1001566

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Daniels MA, Teixeiro E, Gill J, Hausmann B, Roubaty D, Holmberg K, Werlen G, Holländer GA, Gascoigne NR, Palmer E (2006) Thymic selection threshold defined by compartmentalization of Ras/MAPK signalling. Nature 444(7120):724–729

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Daniels MA, Teixeiro E (2010) The persistence of T cell memory. Cell Mol Life Sci 67(17):2863–2878

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Cunningham CA, Knudson KM, Peng BJ, Teixeiro E, Daniels MA (2013) The POSH/JIP-1 scaffold network regulates TCR-mediated JNK1 signals and effector function in CD8 T cells. Eur J Immunol 43(12):3361–3371

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Gil D, Schrum A, Alarcon B, Palmer E (2005) T cell receptor engagement by peptide – MHC ligands induces a conformational change in the CD3 complex of thymocytes. J Exp Med 201(4):517–522

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Schrum AG, Gil D, Dopfer EP, Wiest DL, Turka LA, Schamel WW, Palmer E (2007) High-sensitivity detection and quantitative analysis of native protein-protein interactions and multiprotein complexes by flow cytometry. Sci STKE 2007(389):pl2

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Anderson G, Jenkinson EJ, Moore NC, Owen JJ (1993) MHC class II-positive epithelium and mesenchyme cells are both required for T-cell development in the thymus. Nature 362(6415):70–73

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Hogquist KA (2001) Assays of thymic selection. Fetal thymus organ culture and in vitro thymocyte dulling assay. Methods Mol Biol 156:219–232

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Hogquist KA, Jameson SC, Bevan MJ (1994) The ligand for positive selection of T lymphocytes in the thymus. Curr Opin Immunol 6(2):273–278

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Travers H, Anderson G, Gentle D, Jenkinson E, Girdlestone J (2001) Protocols for high efficiency, stage-specific retroviral transduction of murine fetal thymocytes and thymic epithelial cells. J Immunol Methods 253(1–2):209–222

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Lambolez F, Kronenberg M, Cheroutre H (2007) Thymic differentiation of TCR alpha beta(+) CD8 alpha alpha(+) IELs. Immunol Rev 215:178–188

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the members of the Daniels and Teixeiro labs for assistance in compiling these protocols. Funding provided by grants from the Missouri Mission Enhancement Fund and University of Missouri Research Board is greatly acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mark A. Daniels Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Cunningham, C.A., Teixeiro, E., Daniels, M.A. (2016). FTOC-Based Analysis of Negative Selection. In: Bosselut, R., S. Vacchio, M. (eds) T-Cell Development. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1323. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2809-5_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2809-5_12

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-2808-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-2809-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics