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Epigenetic Methods in Neuroscience Research pp 3–18Cite as

Epigenetics: From Basic Biology to Chromatin-Modifying Drugs and New Potential Clinical Applications

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Part of the book series: Neuromethods ((NM,volume 105))

Background

The term epigenetic commonly refers to stable, environment-depending changes in genes expression that occur without altering the underlying DNA sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms are fundamental for normal development and maintenance of tissue-specific gene expression. Abnormalities in epigenetic processes can lead to abnormal gene function and the development of diseases. Recent evidences suggest that several diseases and behavioral disorders result from defects in gene function. Cancer, and other diseases such as autoimmune disease, asthma, type 2 diabetes, metabolic disorders, neuropsychiatric disorders, autism, display aberrant gene expression. A number of compounds targeting enzymes involved in histone acetylation, histone methylation, and DNA methylation have been developed as epigenetic drugs, with some efficacy shown in hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Recently researchers are focusing on finding new epigenetic targets for the development of new molecules for the treatment of different CNS disorders such as autism and schizophrenia targeting specific enzymes that play an important role in gene expression and function.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, The Psychiatric Institute, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA

    Francesco Matrisciano M.D., Ph.D., Erbo Dong, Dennis R. Grayson & Alessandro Guidotti

  2. NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental health, and Sensory Organs), School of Medicine and Psychology-Sant’Andrea Hospital, “Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy

    Isabella Panaccione

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  1. Francesco Matrisciano M.D., Ph.D.
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  2. Isabella Panaccione
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  3. Erbo Dong
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  4. Dennis R. Grayson
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  5. Alessandro Guidotti
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Correspondence to Francesco Matrisciano M.D., Ph.D. .

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  1. Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Nina Karpova

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Matrisciano, F., Panaccione, I., Dong, E., Grayson, D.R., Guidotti, A. (2016). Epigenetics: From Basic Biology to Chromatin-Modifying Drugs and New Potential Clinical Applications. In: Karpova, N. (eds) Epigenetic Methods in Neuroscience Research. Neuromethods, vol 105. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2754-8_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2754-8_1

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