Abstract
Superoxide (O2 −) and nitric oxide (NO) are produced within plant mitochondria and may have signaling functions within the cell. Here we describe semiquantitative fluorescence imaging-based approaches to estimate the mitochondrial amount of these reactive and short-lived species within intact leaf tissue. We also outline a biochemical method using oxyhemoglobin to measure NO within a whole leaf tissue extract. This quantitative method, while not specifically evaluating mitochondrial localized NO, does nonetheless provide another independent measure of NO that can be useful.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Møller IM (2001) Plant mitochondria and oxidative stress: electron transport, NADPH turnover, and metabolism of reactive oxygen species. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 52:561–591
Gupta KJ, Fernie AR, Kaiser WM et al (2010) On the origins of nitric oxide. Trends Plant Sci 16:160–168
Gleason C, Huang S, Thatcher LF et al (2011) Mitochondrial complex II has a key role in mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species influence on plant stress gene regulation and defense. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:10768–10773
Cvetkovska M, Alber NA, Vanlerberghe GC (2013) The signaling role of a mitochondrial superoxide burst during stress. Plant Signal Behav 8:e22749
Schwarzländer M, Finkemeier I (2013) Mitochondrial energy and redox signaling in plants. Antioxid Redox Signal 18:2122–2144
Mur LAJ, Mandon J, Cristescu SM et al (2011) Methods of nitric oxide detection in plants: a commentary. Plant Sci 181:509–519
Delledonne M, Xia YJ, Dixon C et al (1998) Nitric oxide functions as a signal in plant disease resistance. Nature 394:585–588
Clarke A, Desikan R, Hurst RD et al (2000) NO way back: nitric oxide and programmed cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cells. Plant J 24:667–677
Sandalio LM, Rodriguez-Serrano M, Romero-Puertas MC et al (2008) Imaging of reactive oxygen species in vivo in plant tissues. Method Enzymol 440:397–409
Swanson SJ, Choi W-G, Chanoca A et al (2011) In vivo imaging of Ca2+, pH, and reactive oxygen species using fluorescent probes in plants. Annu Rev Plant Biol 62:273–297
Robinson KM, Janes MS, Beckman JS (2008) The selective detection of mitochondrial superoxide by live cell imaging. Nat Protoc 3:941–947
Kojima H, Urano Y, Kikuchi K et al (1999) Fluorescent indicators for imaging nitric oxide production. Angew Chem Int Ed 38:3209–3321
Cvetkovska M, Vanlerberghe GC (2012) Alternative oxidase modulates leaf mitochondrial concentrations of superoxide and nitric oxide. New Phytol 195:32–39
Cvetkovska M, Vanlerberghe GC (2012) Coordination of a mitochondrial superoxide burst during the hypersensitive response to bacterial pathogen in Nicotiana tabacum. Plant Cell Environ 35:1121–1136
Cvetkovska M, Vanlerberghe GC (2013) Alternative oxidase impacts the plant response to biotic stress by influencing the mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species. Plant Cell Environ 36:721–732
Cvetkovska M, Dahal K, Alber NA, Jin C, Cheung M, Vanlerberghe GC (2014) Knockdown of mitochondrial alternative oxidase induces the “stress state” of signaling molecule pools in Nicotiana tabacum, with implications for stomatal function. New Phytol 203(2):449–461
Nazarewicz RR, Bikineyeva A, Dikalov SI (2013) Rapid and specific measurements of superoxide using fluorescence spectroscopy. J Biomol Screen 18:498–503
Murphy ME, Noack E (1994) Nitric oxide assay using hemoglobin method. Methods Enzymol 233:240–250
Pasqualini S, Meier S, Gehring C et al (2009) Ozone and nitric oxide induce cGMP-dependent and -independent transcription of defense genes in tobacco. New Phytol 181:860–870
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Cvetkovska, M., Vanlerberghe, G.C. (2015). In Planta Analysis of Leaf Mitochondrial Superoxide and Nitric Oxide. In: Whelan, J., Murcha, M. (eds) Plant Mitochondria. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1305. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2639-8_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2639-8_18
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-2638-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-2639-8
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols