Abstract
We present methods for the detection and quantification of four Phytophthora species which are pathogenic on trees; Phytophthora ramorum, Phytophthora kernoviae, Phytophthora lateralis, and Phytophthora austrocedri. Nucleic acid extraction methods are presented for phloem tissue from trees, soil, and pure cultures on agar plates. Real-time PCR methods are presented and include primer and probe sets for each species, general advice on real-time PCR setup and data analysis. A method for sequence-based identification, useful for pure cultures, is also included.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Green S, Webber JF (2012) The emerging threat from Phytophthora to trees in Scotland. Scot Forest 66:9–16
Brasier CM, Beales PA, Kirk SA, Denman S, Rose J (2005) Phytophthora kernoviae sp. nov., an invasive pathogen causing bleeding stem lesions on forest trees and foliar necrosis of ornamentals in Britain. Mycol Res 109:1–7
Hansen EM, Goheen DJ, Jules ES, Ullian B (2000) Managing Port-Orford – Cedar and the introduced pathogen Phytophthora lateralis. Plant Dis 84:4–14
Green S, Brasier CM, Schlenzig A, McCracken A, MacAskill GA, Wilson M, Webber JF (2013) The destructive invasive pathogen Phytophthora lateralis found on Chamaecyparis lawsoniana across the UK. Forest Pathol 43:19–28
Greslebin AG, Hansen EM, Sutton W (2007) Phytophthora austrocedri sp. nov., a new species associated with Austrocedrus chilensis mortality in Patagonia (Argentina). Mycol Res 111:308–316
Greslebin AG, Hansen EM (2010) Pathogenicity of Phytophthora austrocedri on Austrocedrus chilensis and its relation with mal del ciprés in Patagonia. Plant Pathol 59:604–612
Green S, Hendry SJ, MacAskill GA, Laue BE, Steele H (2012) Dieback and mortality of Juniperus communis in Britain associated with Phytophthora austrocedri. New Dis Rep 26:2
Green S, Elliot M, Armstrong A, Hendry SJ (2014) Phytophthora austrocedri emerges as a serious threat to juniper (Juniperus communis) in Britain. Plant Pathol 64:456–466
Elliott CG, Hendrie MR, Knights BA (1966) The sterol requirement of Phytophthora cactorum. J Gen Microbiol 42:425–435
Johnston A, Booth C (eds) (1983) Plant pathologists pocketbook, 2nd edn. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, UK, p 398
Drenth A, Sendall B (2001) Practical guide to detection and identification of Phytophthora. Cooperative Research Centre for Tropical Plant Protection, Brisbane, Australia
Elliot M (2013) Epidemiology of Phytophthora ramorum and P. kernoviae at two outbreak sites in Scotland. PhD thesis, University of St Andrews, UK
Mulholland V, Schlenzig A, MacAskill GA, Green S (2013) Development of a quantitative real-time PCR assay for the detection of Phytophthora austrocedri, an emerging pathogen in the UK. Forest Pathol 43:513–517
Schena L, Hughes KJD, Cooke DEL (2006) Detection and quantification of Phytophthora ramorum, P. kernoviae, P. citricola and P. quercina in symptomatic leaves by multiplex real-time PCR. Mol Plant Pathol 7:365–379
Schenck N, Fourrier C, Robin C, Loos R (2012) Development, comparison and validation of a Real-Time PCR tool for the detection of Phytophthora lateralis. Poster presented at the IUFRO meeting on Phytophthora
Ippolito A, Schena L, Nigro F (2002) Detection of Phytophthora nicotianae and P. citrophthora in citrus roots and soils by nested PCR. Eur J Plant Pathol 108:855–868
White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ (eds) PCR protocols a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp 315–322
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Mulholland, V., Elliot, M., Green, S. (2015). Diagnostics of Tree Diseases Caused by Phytophthora austrocedri Species. In: Lacomme, C. (eds) Plant Pathology. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1302. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2620-6_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2620-6_5
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-2619-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-2620-6
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols