Abstract
The realization that neuronal injury does not result in permanent functional or cellular loss in all vertebrates has fascinated regenerative biologists. Neuronal regeneration occurs in a subset of species, including lizards, teleost fish, axolotls, and newts. One tool for studying neuronal regeneration in the adult brain is intraventricular injection of selective neuronal toxins, which leads to loss of subpopulations of neurons. To trace cells involved in the regeneration process, plasmids encoding reporter proteins can be electroporated in vivo into the cells of interest. This protocol describes methods to label the ependymoglial cells of the brain of the red spotted newt Notophthalmus viridescens and follow their response after ablation of dopaminergic neurons.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Tanaka EM, Ferretti P (2009) Considering the evolution of regeneration in the central nervous system. Nat Rev Neurosci 10:713–723
Kokaia Z, Martino G, Schwartz M, Lindvall O (2012) Cross-talk between neural stem cells and immune cells: the key to better brain repair? Nat Neurosci 15:1078–1087
Zupanc GKH, Sîrbulescu RF (2011) Adult neurogenesis and neuronal regeneration in the central nervous system of teleost fish. Eur J Neurosci 34:917–929
Lang DM, Monzón-Mayor M, Bandtlow CE, Stuermer CA (1998) Retinal axon regeneration in the lizard Gallotia galloti in the presence of CNS myelin and oligodendrocytes. Glia 23:61–74
Okamoto M, Ohsawa H, Hayashi T et al (2007) Regeneration of retinotectal projections after optic tectum removal in adult newts. Mol Vis 13:2112–2118
Kroehne V, Freudenreich D, Hans S et al (2011) Regeneration of the adult zebrafish brain from neurogenic radial glia-type progenitors. Development 138:4831–4841
Simola N, Morelli M, Carta AR (2007) The 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson’s disease. Neurotox Res 11:151–167
Parish CL, Beljajeva A, Arenas E, Simon A (2007) Midbrain dopaminergic neurogenesis and behavioural recovery in a salamander lesion-induced regeneration model. Development 134:2881–2887
Berg DA, Kirkham M, Beljajeva A et al (2010) Efficient regeneration by activation of neurogenesis in homeostatically quiescent regions of the adult vertebrate brain. Development 137:4127–4134
Haas K, Jensen K, Sin WC et al (2002) Targeted electroporation in Xenopus tadpoles in vivo—from single cells to the entire brain. Differentiation 70:148–154
Echeverri K, Tanaka EM (2002) Ectoderm to mesoderm lineage switching during axolotl tail regeneration. Science 298:1993–1996
Barnabé-Heider F, Meletis K, Eriksson M et al (2008) Genetic manipulation of adult mouse neurogenic niches by in vivo electroporation. Nat Methods 5:189–196
Köster RW, Fraser SE (2001) Tracing transgene expression in living zebrafish embryos. Dev Biol 15:329–346
Kawakami K (2007) Tol2: a versatile gene transfer vector in vertebrates. Genome Biol 8(Suppl 1):S7
Sandoval-Guzmán T, Wang H, Khattak S et al (2014) Fundamental differences in dedifferentiation and stem cell recruitment during skeletal muscle regeneration in two salamander species. Cell Stem Cell 14:174–187
Acknowledgement
This work was supported by a grant from the Swedish Research Council to MK.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Kirkham, M., Joven, A. (2015). Studying Newt Brain Regeneration Following Subtype Specific Neuronal Ablation. In: Kumar, A., Simon, A. (eds) Salamanders in Regeneration Research. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1290. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2495-0_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2495-0_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-2494-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-2495-0
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols