Skip to main content

Handling and Conversion of Carbohydrate Sequence Formats and Monosaccharide Notation

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Glycoinformatics

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1273))

Abstract

Various glycobioinformatics resources have developed individual carbohydrate sequence formats to store and handle glycan data. This diversity of sequence formats is one of the major reasons for a rather low interoperability of glycobioinformatics resources. The formats have often been optimized to serve special requirements of the individual resources and are thus not fully compatible, but in many cases translation from one format to another is possible. This chapter summarizes some of the major glycan sequence formats and demonstrates the use of tools for translation between these formats. Some pitfalls that users of sequence conversion tools need to pay attention to are also illustrated.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Werz DB, Ranzinger R, Herget S, Adibekian A, von der Lieth C-W, Seeberger PH (2007) Exploring the structural diversity of mammalian carbohydrates (“glycospace”) by statistical databank analysis. ACS Chem Biol 2:685–691

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Herget S, Toukach P, Ranzinger R, Hull W, Knirel Y, von der Lieth C-W (2008) Statistical analysis of the Bacterial Carbohydrate Structure Data Base (BCSDB): characteristics and diversity of bacterial carbohydrates in comparison with mammalian glycans. BMC Struct Biol 8:35

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. McNaught AD (1997) Nomenclature of carbohydrates (recommendations 1996). Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 52:43–177

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Herget S, von der Lieth CW (2009) Digital representations of oligo- and polysaccharides. In: von der Lieth CW, Lütteke T, Frank M (eds) Bioinformatics for glycobiology and glycomics. An introduction. Wiley, Chichester, pp 49–68

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  5. Doubet S, Bock K, Smith D, Darvill A, Albersheim P (1989) The Complex Carbohydrate Structure Database. Trends Biochem Sci 14:475–477

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Doubet S, Albersheim P (1992) CarbBank. Glycobiology 2:505

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Bohne-Lang A, Lang E, Förster T, von der Lieth CW (2001) LINUCS: linear notation for unique description of carbohydrate sequences. Carbohydr Res 336:1–11

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Lütteke T, Bohne-Lang A, Loss A, Goetz T, Frank M, von der Lieth C-W (2006) GLYCOSCIENCES.de: an internet portal to support glycomics and glycobiology research. Glycobiology 16:71R–81R

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Toukach PV (2011) Bacterial carbohydrate structure database 3: principles and realization. J Chem Inf Model 51:159–170

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Banin E, Neuberger Y, Altshuler Y, Halevi A, Inbar O, Nir D, Dukler A (2002) A Novel Linear Code® nomenclature for complex carbohydrates. Trends Glycosc Glycotechnol 14:127–137

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Raman R, Venkataraman M, Ramakrishnan S, Lang W, Raguram S, Sasisekharan R (2006) Advancing glycomics: implementation strategies at the consortium for functional glycomics. Glycobiology 16:82R–90R

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Hashimoto K, Goto S, Kawano S, Aoki-Kinoshita KF, Ueda N, Hamajima M, Kawasaki T, Kanehisa M (2006) KEGG as a glycome informatics resource. Glycobiology 16:63R–70R

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Akune Y, Hosoda M, Kaiya S, Shinmachi D, Aoki-Kinoshita KF (2010) The RINGS resource for glycome informatics analysis and data mining on the Web. OMICS 14:475–486

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Herget S, Ranzinger R, Maass K, von der Lieth CW (2008) GlycoCT – a unifying sequence format for carbohydrates. Carbohydr Res 343:2162–2171

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. von der Lieth CW, Freire AA, Blank D, Campbell MP, Ceroni A, Damerell DR, Dell A, Dwek RA, Ernst B, Fogh R, Frank M, Geyer H, Geyer R, Harrison MJ, Henrick K, Herget S, Hull WE, Ionides J, Joshi HJ, Kamerling JP, Leeflang BR, Lütteke T, Lundborg M, Maass K, Merry A, Ranzinger R, Rosen J, Royle L, Rudd PM, Schloissnig S, Stenutz R, Vranken WF, Widmalm G, Haslam SM (2011) EUROCarbDB: an open-access platform for glycoinformatics. Glycobiology 21:493–502

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Sahoo SS, Thomas C, Sheth A, Henson C, York WS (2005) GLYDE – an expressive XML standard for the representation of glycan structure. Carbohydr Res 340:2802–2807

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Packer NH, von der Lieth CW, Aoki-Kinoshita KF, Lebrilla CB, Paulson JC, Raman R, Rudd P, Sasisekharan R, Taniguchi N, York WS (2008) Frontiers in glycomics: bioinformatics and biomarkers in disease. An NIH white paper prepared from discussions by the focus groups at a workshop on the NIH campus, Bethesda MD (September 11–13, 2006). Proteomics 8:8–20

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Harvey DJ, Merry AH, Royle L, Campbell MP, Dwek RA, Rudd PM (2009) Proposal for a standard system for drawing structural diagrams of N- and O-linked carbohydrates and related compounds. Proteomics 9:3796–3801

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Varki A, Cummings RD, Esko JD, Freeze HH, Stanley P, Marth JD, Bertozzi CR, Hart GW, Etzler ME (2009) Symbol nomenclature for glycan representation. Proteomics 9:5398–5399

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Schietinger A, Philip M, Schreiber H (2008) Specificity in cancer immunotherapy. Semin Immunol 20:276–285

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Ceroni A, Dell A, Haslam SM (2007) The GlycanBuilder: a fast, intuitive and flexible software tool for building and displaying glycan structures. Source Code Biol Med 2:3

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Ranzinger R, Herget S, von der Lieth CW, Frank M (2011) GlycomeDB – a unified database for carbohydrate structures. Nucleic Acids Res 39:D373–D376

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Thomas Lütteke .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Lütteke, T. (2015). Handling and Conversion of Carbohydrate Sequence Formats and Monosaccharide Notation. In: Lütteke, T., Frank, M. (eds) Glycoinformatics. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1273. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2343-4_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2343-4_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-2342-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-2343-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics