Abstract
Langerhans cells (LC) are the resident antigen-presenting cells in human epithelium, and are therefore responsible for initiating immune responses against human papillomaviruses (HPV) entering the epithelial and mucosal layers in vivo. Upon proper pathogenic stimulation, LC become activated causing an internal signaling cascade that results in the up-regulation of co-stimulatory molecules and the release of inflammatory cytokines. Activated LC then migrate to lymph nodes where they interact with antigen-specific T cells and initiate an adaptive T-cell response. However, HPV manipulates LC in a suppressive manner that alters these normal maturation responses. Here, in vitro LC activation assays for the detection of phosphorylated signaling intermediates, the up-regulation of activation-associated surface markers, and the release of inflammatory cytokines in response to HPV particles are described.
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Acknowledgments
The methods in this chapter were developed with support from NIH Grant R01 CA74397 in the Immune Monitoring Core Facility of the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center that is supported by NIH Grant 5P30 CA014089 from the NCI. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NCI or the NIH.
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Woodham, A.W., Raff, A.B., Da Silva, D.M., Kast, W.M. (2015). Molecular Analysis of Human Papillomavirus Virus-Like Particle Activated Langerhans Cells In Vitro. In: Keppler, D., Lin, A. (eds) Cervical Cancer. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1249. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2013-6_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2013-6_10
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