Skip to main content

Screening of Mutations by TILLING in Plants

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Plant Genotyping

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1245))

Abstract

TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes) is a well-known reverse genetics technique designed to detect unknown SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) in genes of interest using an enzymatic digestion and is widely employed in plant and animal genomics. The main advantage of this technique is that it allows for the high-throughput identification of an allelic series of mutants with a range of modified functions for a particular gene. In this chapter, we aim to give a detailed introduction of how to establish a TILLING platform for identifying mutants in plants, including generation of a large mutant population, DNA and seed library preparation, mutation identification based on a LI-COR4300 DNA analyzer, and confirmation of functions of the mutated genes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. McCallum CM, Comai L, Greene EA, Henikoff S (2000) Targeted screening for induced mutations. Nat Biotechnol 18:455–457

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. McCallum CM, Comai L, Greene EA, Henikoff S (2000) Targeting induced local lesions IN genomes (TILLING) for plant functional genomics. Plant Physiol 123: 439–442

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Till BJ, Colbert T, Tompa R, Enns LC, Codomo CA, Johnson JE, Reynolds SH, Henikoff JG, Greene EA, Steine MN, Comai L, Henikoff S (2003) High-throughput TILLING for functional genomics. Methods Mol Biol 236:205–220

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Till BJ, Reynolds SH, Greene EA, Codomo CA, Enns LC, Johnson JE, Burtner C, Odden AR, Young K, Taylor NE, Henikoff JG, Comai L, Henikoff S (2003) Large-scale discovery of induced point mutations with high-throughput TILLING. Genome Res 13:524–530

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Jones MO, Piron-Prunier F, Marcel F, Piednoir-Barbeau E, Alsadon AA, Wahb-Allah MA, Al-Doss AA, Bowler C, Bramley PM, Fraser PD, Bendahmane A (2012) Characterisation of alleles of tomato light signalling genes generated by TILLING. Phytochemistry 79:78–86

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Gady AL, Vriezen WH, Van de Wal MH, Huang P, Bovy AG, Visser RG, Bachem CW (2012) Induced point mutations in the phytoene synthase 1 gene cause differences in carotenoid content during tomato fruit ripening. Mol Breed 29:801–812

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Chen L, Huang L, Min D, Phillips A, Wang S, Madgwick PJ, Parry MA, Hu YG (2012) Development and characterization of a new TILLING population of common bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLoS One 7:e41570

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Sabetta W, Alba V, Blanco A, Montemurro C (2011) sunTILL: a TILLING resource for gene function analysis in sunflower. Plant Methods 7:20

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Slade AJ, McGuire C, Loeffler D, Mullenberg J, Skinner W, Fazio G, Holm A, Brandt KM, Steine MN, Goodstal JF, Knauf VC (2012) Development of high amylose wheat through TILLING. BMC Plant Biol 12:69

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Sikora P, Chawade A, Larsson M, Olsson J, Olsson O (2012) Mutagenesis as a tool in plant genetics, functional genomics, and breeding. Int J Plant Genomics 2011:314829

    PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Okabe Y, Asamizu E, Saito T, Matsukura C, Ariizumi T, Bres C, Rothan C, Mizoguchi T, Ezura H (2011) Tomato TILLING technology: development of a reverse genetics tool for the efficient isolation of mutants from Micro-Tom mutant libraries. Plant Cell Physiol 52:1994–2005

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Knoll JE, Ramos ML, Zeng Y, Holbrook CC, Chow M, Chen S, Maleki S, Bhattacharya A, Ozias-Akins P (2011) TILLING for allergen reduction and improvement of quality traits in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). BMC Plant Biol 11:81

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Stephenson P, Baker D, Girin T, Perez A, Amoah S, King GJ, Ostergaard L (2010) A rich TILLING resource for studying gene function in Brassica rapa. BMC Plant Biol 10:62

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Minoia S, Petrozza A, D'Onofrio O, Piron F, Mosca G, Sozio G, Cellini F, Bendahmane A, Carriero F (2010) A new mutant genetic resource for tomato crop improvement by TILLING technology. BMC Res Notes 3:69

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Fitzgerald TL, Kazan K, Li Z, Morell MK, Manners JM (2010) A high-throughput method for the detection of homologous gene deletions in hexaploid wheat. BMC Plant Biol 10:264

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Uauy C, Paraiso F, Colasuonno P, Tran RK, Tsai H, Berardi S, Comai L, Dubcovsky J (2009) A modified TILLING approach to detect induced mutations in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat. BMC Plant Biol 9:115

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Perry J, Brachmann A, Welham T, Binder A, Charpentier M, Groth M, Haage K, Markmann K, Wang TL, Parniske M (2009) TILLING in Lotus japonicus identified large allelic series for symbiosis genes and revealed a bias in functionally defective ethyl methanesulfonate alleles toward glycine replacements. Plant Physiol 151: 1281–1291

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Morita R, Kusaba M, Iida S, Yamaguchi H, Nishio T, Nishimura M (2009) Molecular characterization of mutations induced by gamma irradiation in rice. Genes Genet Syst 84:361–370

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Le Signor C, Savois V, Aubert G, Verdier J, Nicolas M, Pagny G, Moussy F, Sanchez M, Baker D, Clarke J, Thompson R (2009) Optimizing TILLING populations for reverse genetics in Medicago truncatula. Plant Biotechnol J 7:430–441

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Elias R, Till BJ, Mba C, Al-Safadi B (2009) Optimizing TILLING and Ecotilling techniques for potato (Solanum tuberosum L). BMC Res Notes 2:141

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. de Lorenzo L, Merchan F, Laporte P, Thompson R, Clarke J, Sousa C, Crespi M (2009) A novel plant leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase regulates the response of Medicago truncatula roots to salt stress. Plant Cell 21:668–680

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Wang N, Wang Y, Tian F, King GJ, Zhang C, Long Y, Shi L, Meng J (2008) A functional genomics resource for Brassica napus: development of an EMS mutagenized population and discovery of FAE1 point mutations by TILLING. New Phytol 180:751–765

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Suzuki T, Eiguchi M, Kumamaru T, Satoh H, Matsusaka H, Moriguchi K, Nagato Y, Kurata N (2008) MNU-induced mutant pools and high performance TILLING enable finding of any gene mutation in rice. Mol Genet Genomics 279:213–223

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Cooper JL, Till BJ, Laport RG, Darlow MC, Kleffner JM, Jamai A, El-Mellouki T, Liu S, Ritchie R, Nielsen N, Bilyeu KD, Meksem K, Comai L, Henikoff S (2008) TILLING to detect induced mutations in soybean. BMC Plant Biol 8:9

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Till BJ, Cooper J, Tai TH, Colowit P, Greene EA, Henikoff S, Comai L (2007) Discovery of chemically induced mutations in rice by TILLING. BMC Plant Biol 7:19

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Horst I, Welham T, Kelly S, Kaneko T, Sato S, Tabata S, Parniske M, Wang TL (2007) TILLING mutants of Lotus japonicus reveal that nitrogen assimilation and fixation can occur in the absence of nodule-enhanced sucrose synthase. Plant Physiol 144:806–820

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Heckmann AB, Lombardo F, Miwa H, Perry JA, Bunnewell S, Parniske M, Wang TL, Downie JA (2006) Lotus japonicus nodulation requires two GRAS domain regulators, one of which is functionally conserved in a non-legume. Plant Physiol 142:1739–1750

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Till BJ, Reynolds SH, Weil C, Springer N, Burtner C, Young K, Bowers E, Codomo CA, Enns LC, Odden AR, Greene EA, Comai L, Henikoff S (2004) Discovery of induced point mutations in maize genes by TILLING. BMC Plant Biol 4:12

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Perry JA, Wang TL, Welham TJ, Gardner S, Pike JM, Yoshida S, Parniske M (2003) A TILLING reverse genetics tool and a web-accessible collection of mutants of the legume Lotus japonicus. Plant Physiol 131:866–871

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Tsai H, Howell T, Nitcher R, Missirian V, Watson B, Ngo KJ, Lieberman M, Fass J, Uauy C, Tran RK, Khan AA, Filkov V, Tai TH, Dubcovsky J, Comai L (2011) Discovery of rare mutations in populations: TILLING by sequencing. Plant Physiol 156:1257–1268

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Kurowska M, Daszkowska-Golec A, Gruszka D, Marzec M, Szurman M, Szarejko I, Maluszynski M (2011) TILLING: a shortcut in functional genomics. J Appl Genet 52:371–390

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Weil CF (2009) TILLING in grass species. Plant Physiol 149:158–164

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Colbert T, Till BJ, Tompa R, Reynolds S, Steine MN, Yeung AT, McCallum CM, Comai L, Henikoff S. (2001) High- throughput screening for induced point mutations. Plant Physiol 126:480–484

    Google Scholar 

  34. Oleyowski CA, Bronson Mullins CR, Godwin AK, Yeung AT (1998) Mutation detection using a novel plant endonuclease. Nucleic Acids Res 26:4597–4602

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lei Shi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Wang, N., Shi, L. (2015). Screening of Mutations by TILLING in Plants. In: Batley, J. (eds) Plant Genotyping. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1245. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1966-6_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1966-6_15

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-1965-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-1966-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics