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Epigenetics of Urothelial Carcinoma

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Book cover Cancer Epigenetics

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1238))

Abstract

Urothelial carcinoma is the most frequent type of bladder cancer. Improvements in diagnostics and therapy of this common tumor are urgently required and need to be based on a better understanding of its biology. Epigenetic aberrations are crucial to urothelial carcinoma development and progression. They affect DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, long noncoding RNAs, and microRNAs. Compared to other cancers, DNA hypomethylation, especially at LINE-1 retrotransposons, and mutations in enzymes establishing or removing histone acetylation or methylation are particularly prominent. Accumulating evidence suggests that disturbances in DNA methylation, histone modifications and noncoding RNAs may contribute especially to altered differentiation and metastatic potential. With proper selection, histone-modifying enzymes may constitute good targets for therapy. For diagnostics, DNA methylation and miRNA biomarkers are well suited because of their relatively high stability. There are indeed excellent biomarker candidates for DNA-methylation-based diagnostics of urothelial carcinoma, whereas miRNAs are well investigated, but there are still many discrepancies between studies published to date.

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Acknowledgement

Our studies on epigenetic in urothelial carcinoma are supported by a fellowship of the Bodossaki foundation to E.A.K. a young investigator grant of the research commission of the Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University to M.J.H and a grant of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft to G.N.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany

    Wolfgang A. Schulz, Evangelia A. Koutsogiannouli & Michèle J. Hoffmann

  2. Department of Urology, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany

    Günter Niegisch

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  1. Wolfgang A. Schulz
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  2. Evangelia A. Koutsogiannouli
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  3. Günter Niegisch
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  4. Michèle J. Hoffmann
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Correspondence to Wolfgang A. Schulz .

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  1. National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA

    Mukesh Verma

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Schulz, W.A., Koutsogiannouli, E.A., Niegisch, G., Hoffmann, M.J. (2015). Epigenetics of Urothelial Carcinoma. In: Verma, M. (eds) Cancer Epigenetics. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1238. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1804-1_10

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