Skip to main content
Book cover

Galectins pp 153–167Cite as

Examination of the Role of Galectins in Plasma Cell Differentiation

  • Protocol
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1207))

Abstract

Plasma cells are terminally differentiated B cells that develop via the stimulation of mature B cells with various agents such as antigens and mitogens. Recently, we found that plasma cell differentiation can be modulated by galectin-1 and galectin-8; these galectins appear to play additive and redundant roles in promoting the production of antibody. Here, we describe the protocols for how to investigate the roles of galectins in plasma cell differentiation. These methods include the preparation of recombinant galectins from Escherichia coli for exogenously treating primary B cells, generation of galectin_Fcm fusion proteins for determining their binding to B cells, introduction of ectopic galectins in primary B cells using retroviral vectors, and inhibition of the binding of galectins to B cells by synthetic disaccharides.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Protocol
USD   49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Springer Nature is developing a new tool to find and evaluate Protocols. Learn more

References

  1. Barondes SH, Castronovo V, Cooper DN, Cummings RD, Drickamer K, Feizi T, Gitt MA, Hirabayashi J, Hughes C, Kasai K et al (1994) Galectins: a family of animal beta-galactoside-binding lectins. Cell 76(4):597–598

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Leffler H, Carlsson S, Hedlund M, Qian Y, Poirier F (2004) Introduction to galectins. Glycoconj J 19(7–9):433–440. doi:10.1023/B:GLYC.0000014072.34840.04

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Yang RY, Rabinovich GA, Liu FT (2008) Galectins: structure, function and therapeutic potential. Expert Rev Mol Med 10:e17. doi:10.1017/s1462399408000719

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Gauthier L, Rossi B, Roux F, Termine E, Schiff C (2002) Galectin-1 is a stromal cell ligand of the pre-B cell receptor (BCR) implicated in synapse formation between pre-B and stromal cells and in pre-BCR triggering. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99(20):13014–13019. doi:10.1073/pnas.202323999

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Rossi B, Espeli M, Schiff C, Gauthier L (2006) Clustering of pre-B cell integrins induces galectin-1-dependent pre-B cell receptor relocalization and activation. J Immunol 177(2):796–803

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Espeli M, Mancini SJ, Breton C, Poirier F, Schiff C (2009) Impaired B-cell development at the pre-BII-cell stage in galectin-1-deficient mice due to inefficient pre-BII/stromal cell interactions. Blood 113(23):5878–5886. doi:10.1182/blood-2009-01-198465

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Zuniga E, Rabinovich GA, Iglesias MM, Gruppi A (2001) Regulated expression of galectin-1 during B-cell activation and implications for T-cell apoptosis. J Leukoc Biol 70(1):73–79

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Hoyer KK, Pang M, Gui D, Shintaku IP, Kuwabara I, Liu FT, Said JW, Baum LG, Teitell MA (2004) An anti-apoptotic role for galectin-3 in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Am J Pathol 164(3):893–902. doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63177-x

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Acosta-Rodriguez EV, Montes CL, Motran CC, Zuniga EI, Liu FT, Rabinovich GA, Gruppi A (2004) Galectin-3 mediates IL-4-induced survival and differentiation of B cells: functional cross-talk and implications during Trypanosoma cruzi infection. J Immunol 172(1):493–502

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Oliveira FL, Chammas R, Ricon L, Fermino ML, Bernardes ES, Hsu DK, Liu FT, Borojevic R, El-Cheikh MC (2009) Galectin-3 regulates peritoneal B1-cell differentiation into plasma cells. Glycobiology 19(11):1248–1258. doi:10.1093/glycob/cwp120

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Tsai CM, Guan CH, Hsieh HW, Hsu TL, Tu Z, Wu KJ, Lin CH, Lin KI (2011) Galectin-1 and galectin-8 have redundant roles in promoting plasma cell formation. J Immunol 187(4):1643–1652. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1100297

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Tsai CM, Chiu YK, Hsu TL, Lin IY, Hsieh SL, Lin KI (2008) Galectin-1 promotes immunoglobulin production during plasma cell differentiation. J Immunol 181(7):4570–4579

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Pace KE, Hahn HP, Baum LG (2003) Preparation of recombinant human galectin-1 and use in T-cell death assays. Methods Enzymol 363:499–518. doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(03)01075-9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Costa GL, Benson JM, Seroogy CM, Achacoso P, Fathman CG, Nolan GP (2000) Targeting rare populations of murine antigen-specific T lymphocytes by retroviral transduction for potential application in gene therapy for autoimmune disease. J Immunol 164(7):3581–3590

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Muller AJ, Young JC, Pendergast AM, Pondel M, Landau NR, Littman DR, Witte ON (1991) BCR first exon sequences specifically activate the BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase oncogene of Philadelphia chromosome-positive human leukemias. Mol Cell Biol 11(4):1785–1792

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Naldini L, Blomer U, Gallay P, Ory D, Mulligan R, Gage FH, Verma IM, Trono D (1996) In vivo gene delivery and stable transduction of nondividing cells by a lentiviral vector. Science 272(5259):263–267

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Naldini L, Blomer U, Gage FH, Trono D, Verma IM (1996) Efficient transfer, integration, and sustained long-term expression of the transgene in adult rat brains injected with a lentiviral vector. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93(21):11382–11388

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Lin KI, Kao YY, Kuo HK, Yang WB, Chou A, Lin HH, Yu AL, Wong CH (2006) Reishi polysaccharides induce immunoglobulin production through the TLR4/TLR2-mediated induction of transcription factor Blimp-1. J Biol Chem 281(34):24111–24123. doi:10.1074/jbc.M601106200

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Lin KI, Angelin-Duclos C, Kuo TC, Calame K (2002) Blimp-1-dependent repression of Pax-5 is required for differentiation of B cells to immunoglobulin M-secreting plasma cells. Mol Cell Biol 22(13):4771–4780

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Perillo NL, Pace KE, Seilhamer JJ, Baum LG (1995) Apoptosis of T cells mediated by galectin-1. Nature 378(6558):736–739. doi:10.1038/378736a0

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Toscano MA, Bianco GA, Ilarregui JM, Croci DO, Correale J, Hernandez JD, Zwirner NW, Poirier F, Riley EM, Baum LG, Rabinovich GA (2007) Differential glycosylation of TH1, TH2 and TH-17 effector cells selectively regulates susceptibility to cell death. Nat Immunol 8(8):825–834. doi:10.1038/ni1482

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Stowell SR, Karmakar S, Stowell CJ, Dias-Baruffi M, McEver RP, Cummings RD (2007) Human galectin-1, -2, and -4 induce surface exposure of phosphatidylserine in activated human neutrophils but not in activated T cells. Blood 109(1):219–227

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Stowell SR, Karmakar S, Arthur CM, Ju T, Rodrigues LC, Riul TB, Dias-Baruffi M, Miner J, McEver RP, Cummings RD (2009) Galectin-1 induces reversible phosphatidylserine exposure at the plasma membrane. Mol Biol Cell 20(5):1408–1418

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Lin KI, Calame K (2004) Introduction of genes into primary murine splenic B cells using retrovirus vectors. Methods Mol Biol 271:139–148. doi:10.1385/1-59259-796-3:139

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Hirabayashi J, Hashidate T, Arata Y, Nishi N, Nakamura T, Hirashima M, Urashima T, Oka T, Futai M, Muller WE, Yagi F, Kasai K (2002) Oligosaccharide specificity of galectins: a search by frontal affinity chromatography. Biochim Biophys Acta 1572(2–3):232–254

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kuo-I Lin .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Tsai, CM., Lin, KI. (2015). Examination of the Role of Galectins in Plasma Cell Differentiation. In: Stowell, S., Cummings, R. (eds) Galectins. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1207. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1396-1_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1396-1_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-1395-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-1396-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics