Abstract
Although long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been recognized in recent years to constitute a significant portion of mammalian transcriptome, and the functional impact of several lncRNAs has been characterized by a few studies, yet it is still difficult to large-scale ascertain their functions from lab experiment or structure prediction. To address this deficit, we have developed a computational pipeline to large-scale annotate the functions of lncRNA based on coding–noncoding gene co-expression network. In this network, a node (circle) represents the protein-coding gene or lncRNA, and an edge (connecting line between nodes) indicates that the two genes are co-expressed (the correlation coefficients of connected genes reached the defined cutoff). In this chapter, we show how to use an lncRNA functional annotation pipeline to construct a co-expression network based on gene expression profiles in prostate cancer and how to further predict lncRNA functions using model-based and hub-based sub-networks.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Liao Q, Liu C, Yuan X et al (2011) Large-scale prediction of long non-coding RNA functions in a coding-non-coding gene co-expression network. Nucleic Acids Res 39:3864–3878
Bu D, Yu K, Sun S et al (2012) NONCODE v3.0: integrative annotation of long noncoding RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 40:D210–D215
Mercer TR, Dinger ME, Mattick JS (2009) Long non-coding RNAs: insights into functions. Nat Rev Genet 10:155–159
Pandey RR, Mondal T, Mohammad F et al (2008) Kcnq1ot1 antisense noncoding RNA mediates lineage-specific transcriptional silencing through chromatin-level regulation. Mol Cell 32:232–246
Zhao Y, He S, Liu C et al (2008) MicroRNA regulation of messenger-like noncoding RNAs: a network of mutual microRNA control. Trends Genet 24:323–327
Huarte M, Guttman M, Feldser D et al (2010) A large intergenic noncoding RNA induced by p53 mediates global gene repression in the p53 response. Cell 142:409–419
Liao Q, Xiao H, Bu D et al (2011) ncFANs: a web server for functional annotation of long non-coding RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 39:W118–W124
Guo X, Gao L, Liao Q et al (2013) Long non-coding RNAs function annotation: a global prediction method based on bi-colored networks. Nucleic Acids Res 41:e35
Flicek P, Amode MR, Barrell D et al (2012) Ensembl 2012. Nucleic Acids Res 40:D84–D90
Cabili MN, Trapnell C, Goff L et al (2011) Integrative annotation of human large intergenic noncoding RNAs reveals global properties and specific subclasses. Genes Dev 25:1915–1927
Derrien T, Johnson R, Bussotti G et al (2012) The GENCODE v7 catalog of human long noncoding RNAs: analysis of their gene structure, evolution, and expression. Genome Res 22:1775–1789
Ashurst JL, Chen CK, Gilbert JG et al (2005) The Vertebrate Genome Annotation (Vega) database. Nucleic Acids Res 33:D459–D465
Trapnell C, Williams BA, Pertea G et al (2010) Transcript assembly and quantification by RNA-Seq reveals unannotated transcripts and isoform switching during cell differentiation. Nat Biotechnol 28:511–515
Ashburner M, Ball CA, Blake JA et al (2000) Gene ontology: tool for the unification of biology. The Gene Ontology Consortium. Nat Genet 25:25–29
Dechat T, Vlcek S, Foisner R (2000) Review: lamina-associated polypeptide 2 isoforms and related proteins in cell cycle-dependent nuclear structure dynamics. J Struct Biol 129:335–345
Borodovsky M, Peresetsky A (1994) Deriving non-homogeneous DNA Markov chain models by cluster analysis algorithm minimizing multiple alignment entropy. Comput Chem 18:259–267
Merico D, Isserlin R, Stueker O et al (2010) Enrichment map: a network-based method for gene-set enrichment visualization and interpretation. PLoS One 5:e13984
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Zhao, Y., Luo, H., Chen, X., Xiao, Y., Chen, R. (2014). Computational Methods to Predict Long Noncoding RNA Functions Based on Co-expression Network. In: Alvarez, M., Nourbakhsh, M. (eds) RNA Mapping. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1182. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1062-5_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1062-5_19
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-1061-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-1062-5
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols