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Compartmental Analysis of Metabolism by 13C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

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Brain Energy Metabolism

Part of the book series: Neuromethods ((NM,volume 90))

Abstract

13C NMR, also called 13C MRS, is used to track metabolic processes in vivo. Following the administration of molecules labeled with the nonradioactive carbon isotope 13C, the isotope can be observed with MRS. If data are acquired while the 13C levels in the tissue are changing, then it may be possible to determine absolute metabolic rates. For data that are acquired after 13C levels in the tissue have stabilized, then relative rates of metabolism may be determined. The observations support the estimation of rates by fitting metabolic simulations to the data, using a formal procedure that includes the basic elements of an isotopic flow model: metabolic pools, rates, and substrate drivers. Model refinements, such as evaluation of metabolic compartments in samples that cannot be purified to a single biochemical state, can often be achieved by making multiple observations, each under conditions that emphasize one compartment more than the others. One example is measurements with different substrates, such as 13C-acetate to emphasize glial metabolism, compared to 13C-glucose to emphasize neuronal metabolism. Another is a measurement that contains more stimulated brain tissue compared to a measurement that contains less stimulated brain tissue, to assess unstimulated and stimulated metabolism. Sampling can be performed in vivo, in situ, ex vivo, and in cell cultures, and other conditions, each of which has its own limitations and advantages. This chapter is designed to provide a practical perspective on the acquisition and analysis of 13C MRS data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, N-141 TAC-MRRC, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA

    Graeme F. Mason

  2. Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, N-141 TAC-MRRC, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA

    Graeme F. Mason

  3. Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, N-147 TAC-MRRC, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA

    Lihong Jiang

  4. Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, N-151 TAC-MRRC, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA

    Kevin L. Behar

Authors
  1. Graeme F. Mason
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  2. Lihong Jiang
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  3. Kevin L. Behar
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Graeme F. Mason .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

    Johannes Hirrlinger

  2. Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Helle S. Waagepetersen

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Mason, G.F., Jiang, L., Behar, K.L. (2014). Compartmental Analysis of Metabolism by 13C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. In: Hirrlinger, J., Waagepetersen, H. (eds) Brain Energy Metabolism. Neuromethods, vol 90. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1059-5_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1059-5_13

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  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-1058-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-1059-5

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