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Speech Mapping with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Part of the book series: Neuromethods ((NM,volume 89))

Abstract

The identification of eloquent cortical regions associated with language function is of great relevance to basic scientists as well as clinicians. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a relatively novel technique that allows for noninvasive, lesion-based identification of critical language sites. The integration of frameless stereotactic navigation systems with rTMS allows for precise targeting and identification of the cortical region that is being stimulated. Integration of this navigational data also allows for accurate, real-time analysis of magnetic field strength in the stimulated region of interest. Thus, navigated rTMS allows the investigator to identify precisely the threshold of stimulation necessary to interrupt the language function of a given cortical locus. The most common rTMS language mapping protocols are safe, with a nominal risk of seizure being the predominant serious adverse effect. They are also well-tolerated by the patient. Validation studies have found that navigated rTMS language maps correlate well with language maps obtained using direct cortical stimulation (DCS), the current gold-standard. Future studies will focus on improving the protocols used for rTMS language mapping, as well as exploring and validating the language tasks which yield the most relevant and accurate language maps.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, Suite M779, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA

    Phiroz E. Tarapore

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  1. Phiroz E. Tarapore
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Correspondence to Phiroz E. Tarapore .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Neuromodulation Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Alexander Rotenberg

  2. Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Jared Cooney Horvath

  3. Berenson Allen Center for Noninvasive, Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Alvaro Pascual-Leone

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Tarapore, P.E. (2014). Speech Mapping with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. In: Rotenberg, A., Horvath, J., Pascual-Leone, A. (eds) Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Neuromethods, vol 89. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0879-0_17

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0879-0_17

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  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-0878-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-0879-0

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