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In Vitro Models for Ototoxic Research

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In Vitro Toxicology Systems

Part of the book series: Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology ((MIPT))

Abstract

Ototoxicity is the general term for drug-induced damage to the cochlea or the vestibular system resulting in hearing and balance deficits, respectively. The anticancer agent cisplatin and the aminoglycoside antibiotics represent the clinically most relevant ototoxins. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of their toxic side effects is important not only from a basic science point of view but also to pave the way for protective treatment and the development of less toxic pharmaceuticals. In vivo studies will remain the gold standard of ototoxicity research because an assessment of auditory function (“hearing”) and balance is only possible in the intact animal. Nevertheless, several in vitro systems have been proposed and successfully used for probing mechanisms and pharmacological interventions. We describe here the morphology and physiology of the inner ear and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the most widely used model systems.

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Acknowledgments

Photos in Figs. 2 and 3 by courtesy of Gao Wei, M.D., Kresge Hearing Research Institute. The authors thank Bettina U. Wilke and Murielle Kluge for their help with the illustrations and for careful reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by research grant 17/2013 MR of the University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg (UKGM) to M.G.L. J.S’s research on ototoxins is supported by grant DC 003685 from the National Institute for Deafness and Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kresge Hearing Research Institute, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Jochen Schacht

  2. Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Philipps University Marburg, Deutschhausstraße 1-2, 35037, Marburg, Germany

    Michael G. Leitner

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  1. Jochen Schacht
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  2. Michael G. Leitner
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Correspondence to Michael G. Leitner .

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  1. European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Varese, Italy

    Anna Bal-Price

  2. Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria

    Paul Jennings

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Schacht, J., Leitner, M.G. (2014). In Vitro Models for Ototoxic Research. In: Bal-Price, A., Jennings, P. (eds) In Vitro Toxicology Systems. Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0521-8_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0521-8_9

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