Skip to main content

Conducting Field Trials for Frost Tolerance Breeding in Cereals

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Book cover Plant Cold Acclimation

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 2156))

Abstract

Cereal species can be damaged by frost either during winter or at flowering stage. Frost tolerance per se is only a part of the mechanisms that allow plants to survive during winter, while winter-hardiness also considers other biotic or physical stresses that challenge the plants during the winter season, limiting their survival rate. While frost tolerance can also be tested in controlled environments, winter-hardiness can only be determined with field evaluations. Post-heading frost damage occurs from radiation frost events in spring during the reproductive stages. A reliable evaluation of winter-hardiness or of post heading frost damage should be carried out with field trials replicated across years and locations to overcome the irregular occurrence of natural conditions which satisfactorily differentiate genotypes. The evaluation of post-heading frost damage requires a specific attention to plant phenology. The extent of frost damage is traditionally determined with a visual score at the end of the winter, although, recently an image-based phenotyping coupled with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has been proposed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Fowler DB, Carles RJ (1979) Growth, development, and cold tolerance of fall-acclimated cereal grains. Crop Sci 19:915–922

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Trevaskis B, Hemming MN, Dennis ES et al (2007) The molecular basis of vernalization-induced flowering in cereals. Trends Plant Sci 12:352–357

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. von Zitzewitz J, Szucs P, Dubcovsky J et al (2005) Molecular and structural characterization of barley vernalization genes. Plant Mol Biol 59:449–467

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Yan L, Loukoianov A, Tranquilli G et al (2003) Positional cloning of the wheat vernalization gene VRN1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:6263–6268

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Rizza F, Pagani D, Gut M et al (2011) Diversity in the response to low temperature in a set of representative barley genotypes cultivated in Europe. Crop Sci 51:2759–2779

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. von Zitzewitz J, Cuesta-Marcos A, Condon F et al (2011) The genetics of winter-hardiness in barley: perspectives from genome-wide association mapping. Plant Genome 4:76–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Tondelli A, Francia E, Visioni A et al (2014) QTLs for barley yield adaptation to Mediterranean environments in the ‘Nure’בTremois’ biparental population. Euphytica 197:73–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Vágújfalvi A, Galiba G, Cattivelli L et al (2003) The cold regulated transcriptional activator Cbf3 is linked to the frost-tolerance gene Fr-A2 on wheat chromosome 5A. Mol Gen Genomics 269:60–67

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Vágújfalvi A, Aprile A, Miller A et al (2005) The expression of several Cbf genes at the Fr-A2 locus is linked to frost resistance in wheat. Mol Gen Genomics 274:506–514

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Francia E, Rizza F, Cattivelli L et al (2004) Two loci on chromosome 5H determine low temperature tolerance in the new ‘winter’ x ‘spring’ (‘Nure’ x ‘Tremois’) barley map. Theor Appl Genet 108:670–680

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Tondelli A, Barabaschi D, Francia E et al (2011) Inside the CBF locus in Gramineae. Plant Sci 180:39–45

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Cattivelli L (2011) More cold tolerant plants in a warmer world. Plant Sci 180:1–2

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Reinheimer JL, Barr AR, Eglinton JK (2004) QTL mapping of chromosomal regions conferring reproductive frost tolerance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Theor Appl Genet 109:1267–1274

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Fuller MP, Fuller AM, Kaniouras S et al (2007) The freezing characteristics of wheat at ear emergence. Eur J Agron 26:435–441

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Stutsel BM, Callow JN, Flower K et al (2019) An automated plot heater for field frost research in cereals. Agronomy 9:96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Crosatti C, Pagani D, Cattivelli L et al (2008) Effects of the growth stage and hardening conditions on the association between frost resistance and the expression of the cold induced protein COR14b in barley. Environ Exp Bot 62:93–100

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Fowler DB (2012) Wheat production in the high winter stress climate of the Great Plains of North America—an experiment in crop adaptation. Crop Sci 52:11–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Rizza F, Crosatti C, Stanca AM et al (1994) Studies for assessing the influence of hardening on cold tolerance of barley genotypes. Euphytica 75:131–138

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Grieder C, Hund A, Walter A (2015) Image based phenotyping during winter: a powerful tool to assess wheat genetic variation in growth response to temperature. Funct Plant Biol 42:387–396

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Humplík JF, Lazár D, Husičková A et al (2015) Automated phenotyping of plants shoots using imaging methods for analysis of plant stress responses—a review. Plant Methods 11:29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Chen Y, Sidhu HS, Kaviani M et al (2019) Application of image-based phenotyping tools to identify QTL for in-field winter survival of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Theor App Genet 132:2591–2604

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Dvorak V, Selbeck J, Dammer KH et al (2013) Strategy for the development of a smart NDVI camera system for outdoor plant detection and agricultural embedded systems. Sensors 13:1523–1538

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Patrignani A, Ochsner TE (2015) Canopeo: a powerful new tool for measuring fractional green canopy cover. Agron J 107:2312–2320

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Badeck FW, Rizza F (2015) A combined field/laboratory method for assessment of frost tolerance with freezing tests and chlorophyll fluorescence. Agronomy 5:71–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Frederiks TM, Christopher JT, Sutherland MW et al (2015) Post-head-emergence frost in wheat and barley: defining the problem, assessing the damage, and identifying resistance. J Exp Bot 66:3487–3498

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Beniston M (2005) Warm winter spells in the Swiss Alps: strong heat waves in a cold season? A study focusing on climate observations at the Saentis high mountain site. Geophys Res Lett 32:L01812

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Shabbar A, Bonasal B (2003) An assessment of changes in winter cold and warm spells over Canada. Nat Hazards 29:173–188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Achard P, Gong F, Cheminant S et al (2008) The cold-inducible CBF1 factor-dependent signaling pathway modulates the accumulation of the growth-repressing DELLA proteins via its effect on gibberellin metabolism. Plant Cell 20:2117–2129

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Gaudet DA (1994) Progress towards understanding interaction between cold hardiness and snow mould resistance and development of resistant cultivars. Can J Plant Pathol 16:241–246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Andrews CJ, Pomeroy MK (1979) Toxicity of anaerobic metabolites accumulating in winter wheat seedlings during ice encasement. Plant Physiol 64:120–125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Gaudet DA, Wang Y, Frick M et al (2011) Low temperature induced defence gene expression in winter wheat in relation to resistance to snow moulds and other wheat diseases. Plant Sci 180:99–110

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Frederiks TM, Christopher JT, Harvey GL et al (2012) Current and emerging screening methods to identify posthead-emergence frost adaptation in wheat and barley. J Exp Bot 63:5405–5416

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Luigi Cattivelli .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

About this protocol

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this protocol

Cattivelli, L., Crosatti, C. (2020). Conducting Field Trials for Frost Tolerance Breeding in Cereals. In: Hincha, D., Zuther, E. (eds) Plant Cold Acclimation. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2156. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0660-5_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0660-5_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-0659-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-0660-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics