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Rat Models of Virus-Induced Type 1 Diabetes

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Animal Models of Diabetes

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 2128))

Abstract

Studies performed in humans and animal models have implicated the environment in the etiology of type 1 diabetes (T1D), but the nature and timing of the interactions triggering β cell autoimmunity are poorly understood. Virus infections have been postulated to be involved in disease mechanisms, but the underlying mechanisms are not known. It is exceedingly difficult to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between viral infection and diabetes in humans. Thus, we have used the BioBreeding Diabetes-Resistant (BBDR) and the LEW1.WR1 rat models of virus-induced disease to elucidate how virus infection leads to T1D. The immunophenotype of these strains is normal, and spontaneous diabetes does not occur in a specific pathogen-free environment. However, β cell inflammation and diabetes with many similarities to the human disease are induced by infection with the parvovirus Kilham rat virus (KRV). KRV-induced diabetes in the BBDR and LEW1.WR1 rat models is limited to young animals and can be induced in both male and female rats. Thus, these animals provide a powerful experimental tool to identify mechanisms underlying virus-induced T1D development.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Innate Biotechnologies LLC, Denver, CO, USA

    James C. Needell & Danny Zipris

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  1. James C. Needell
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  2. Danny Zipris
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Correspondence to Danny Zipris .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK

    Aileen J. F. King

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Needell, J.C., Zipris, D. (2020). Rat Models of Virus-Induced Type 1 Diabetes. In: King, A. (eds) Animal Models of Diabetes. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2128. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0385-7_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0385-7_8

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  • Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-0384-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-0385-7

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