Abstract
Native electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (native ESI-MS) is a powerful tool to investigate non-covalent biomolecular interactions. It has been widely used to study protein complexes, but only few examples are described for the analysis of complexes involving RNA-RNA interactions. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for native ESI-MS analysis of RNA complexes. As an example, we present the analysis of the HIV-1 genomic RNA dimerization initiation site (DIS) extended duplex dimer bound to the aminoglycoside antibiotic lividomycin.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Boeri Erba E, Petosa C (2015) The emerging role of native mass spectrometry in characterizing the structure and dynamics of macromolecular complexes. Protein Sci 24:1176–1192
Leney AC, Heck AJ (2017) Native mass spectrometry: what is in the name? J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 28:5–13
Wolff P, Da Veiga C, Ennifar E, Bec G, Guichard G, Burnouf D, Dumas P (2017) Native ESI mass spectrometry can help to avoid wrong interpretations from isothermal titration Calorimetry in difficult situations. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 28:347–357
Chen L, Tanimoto A, So BR, Bakhtina M, Magliery TJ, Wysocki VH, Musier-Forsyth K (2019) Stoichiometry of triple-sieve tRNA editing complex ensures fidelity of aminoacyl-tRNA formation. Nucleic Acids Res 47:929–940
McKay AR, Ruotolo BT, Ilag LL, Robinson CV (2006) Mass measurements of increased accuracy resolve heterogeneous populations of intact ribosomes. J Am Chem Soc 128:11433–11442
Schneeberger EM, Breuker K (2017) Native top-down mass spectrometry of TAR RNA in complexes with a wild-type tat peptide for binding site mapping. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 56:1254–1258
van de Waterbeemd M, Fort KL, Boll D, Reinhardt-Szyba M, Routh A, Makarov A, Heck AJ (2017) High-fidelity mass analysis unveils heterogeneity in intact ribosomal particles. Nat Methods 14:283–286
Collie GW, Parkinson GN, Neidle S, Rosu F, De Pauw E, Gabelica V (2010) Electrospray mass spectrometry of telomeric RNA (TERRA) reveals the formation of stable multimeric G-quadruplex structures. J Am Chem Soc 132:9328–9334
Shah S, Friedman SH (2008) An ESI-MS method for characterization of native and modified oligonucleotides used for RNA interference and other biological applications. Nat Protoc 3:351–356
Hagan N, Fabris D (2003) Direct mass spectrometric determination of the stoichiometry and binding affinity of the complexes between nucleocapsid protein and RNA stem-loop hairpins of the HIV-1 psi-recognition element. Biochemistry 42:10736–10745
Hagan NA, Fabris D (2007) Dissecting the protein-RNA and RNA-RNA interactions in the nucleocapsid-mediated dimerization and isomerization of HIV-1 stemloop 1. J Mol Biol 365:396–410
Porrini M, Rosu F, Rabin C, Darre L, Gomez H, Orozco M, Gabelica V (2017) Compaction of duplex nucleic acids upon native electrospray mass spectrometry. ACS Cent Sci 3:454–461
Stephenson W, Asare-Okai PN, Chen AA, Keller S, Santiago R, Tenenbaum SA, Garcia AE, Fabris D, Li PT (2013) The essential role of stacking adenines in a two-base-pair RNA kissing complex. J Am Chem Soc 135:5602–5611
Turner KB, Brinson RG, Yi-Brunozzi HY, Rausch JW, Miller JT, Le Grice SF, Marino JP, Fabris D (2008) Structural probing of the HIV-1 polypurine tract RNA:DNA hybrid using classic nucleic acid ligands. Nucleic Acids Res 36:2799–2810
Turner KB, Hagan NA, Fabris D (2006) Inhibitory effects of archetypical nucleic acid ligands on the interactions of HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein with elements of psi-RNA. Nucleic Acids Res 34:1305–1316
Turner KB, Kohlway AS, Hagan NA, Fabris D (2009) Noncovalent probes for the investigation of structure and dynamics of protein-nucleic acid assemblies: the case of NC-mediated dimerization of genomic RNA in HIV-1. Biopolymers 91:283–296
Laughrea M, Jette L (1994) A 19-nucleotide sequence upstream of the 5′ major splice donor is part of the dimerization domain of human immunodeficiency virus 1 genomic RNA. Biochemistry 33:13464–13474
Paillart JC, Skripkin E, Ehresmann B, Ehresmann C, Marquet R (1996) A loop-loop "kissing" complex is the essential part of the dimer linkage of genomic HIV-1 RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93:5572–5577
Skripkin E, Paillart JC, Marquet R, Ehresmann B, Ehresmann C (1994) Identification of the primary site of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA dimerization in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91:4945–4949
Laughrea M, Jette L (1996) Kissing-loop model of HIV-1 genome dimerization: HIV-1 RNAs can assume alternative dimeric forms, and all sequences upstream or downstream of hairpin 248-271 are dispensable for dimer formation. Biochemistry 35:1589–1598
Muriaux D, De Rocquigny H, Roques BP, Paoletti J (1996) NCp7 activates HIV-1Lai RNA dimerization by converting a transient loop-loop complex into a stable dimer. J Biol Chem 271:33686–33692
Takahashi KI, Baba S, Chattopadhyay P, Koyanagi Y, Yamamoto N, Takaku H, Kawai G (2000) Structural requirement for the two-step dimerization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genome. RNA 6:96–102
Ennifar E, Dumas P (2006) Polymorphism of bulged-out residues in HIV-1 RNA DIS kissing complex and structure comparison with solution studies. J Mol Biol 356:771–782
Ennifar E, Walter P, Ehresmann B, Ehresmann C, Dumas P (2001) Crystal structures of coaxially stacked kissing complexes of the HIV-1 RNA dimerization initiation site. Nat Struct Biol 8:1064–1068
Ennifar E, Walter P, Dumas P (2010) Cation-dependent cleavage of the duplex form of the subtype-B HIV-1 RNA dimerization initiation site. Nucleic Acids Res 38:5807–5816
Ennifar E, Yusupov M, Walter P, Marquet R, Ehresmann B, Ehresmann C, Dumas P (1999) The crystal structure of the dimerization initiation site of genomic HIV-1 RNA reveals an extended duplex with two adenine bulges. Structure 7:1439–1449
Bernacchi S, Freisz S, Maechling C, Spiess B, Marquet R, Dumas P, Ennifar E (2007) Aminoglycoside binding to the HIV-1 RNA dimerization initiation site: thermodynamics and effect on the kissing-loop to duplex conversion. Nucleic Acids Res 35:7128–7139
Ennifar E, Paillart JC, Marquet R, Ehresmann B, Ehresmann C, Dumas P, Walter P (2003) HIV-1 RNA dimerization initiation site is structurally similar to the ribosomal a site and binds aminoglycoside antibiotics. J Biol Chem 278:2723–2730
Ennifar E, Paillart JC, Bodlenner A, Walter P, Weibel JM, Aubertin AM, Pale P, Dumas P, Marquet R (2006) Targeting the dimerization initiation site of HIV-1 RNA with aminoglycosides: from crystal to cell. Nucleic Acids Res 34:2328–2339
Freisz S, Lang K, Micura R, Dumas P, Ennifar E (2008) Binding of aminoglycoside antibiotics to the duplex form of the HIV-1 genomic RNA dimerization initiation site. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 47:4110–4113
Ennifar E, Bernacchi S, Wolff P, Dumas P (2007) Influence of C-5 halogenation of uridines on hairpin versus duplex RNA folding. RNA 13:1445–1452
Gulbakan B, Barylyuk K, Schneider P, Pillong M, Schneider G, Zenobi R (2018) Native electrospray ionization mass spectrometry reveals multiple facets of Aptamer-ligand interactions: from mechanism to binding constants. J Am Chem Soc 140:7486–7497
Liepold L, Oltrogge LM, Suci PA, Young MJ, Douglas T (2009) Correct charge state assignment of native electrospray spectra of protein complexes. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 20:435–442
Acknowledgments
Authors would like to thank Dominique Burnouf for critical reading of the manuscript and useful comments and are grateful to Philippe Dumas for his support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Wolff, P., Ennifar, E. (2020). Native Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry of RNA-Ligand Complexes. In: Arluison, V., Wien, F. (eds) RNA Spectroscopy. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2113. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0278-2_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0278-2_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-0277-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-0278-2
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols