Abstract
By virtue of their sessile nature, plants may not show the fight-and-flight response, but they are not devoid of protecting themselves from disease-causing agents, attack by herbivores, and damages that are caused by other environmental factors. Plants differentially protect their life-sustaining organs such as plant apexes from the attack by microbial pathogens. There are well-established methods to inoculate/infect various plant parts such as leaves, roots, and stems with various different pathogens. The plant shoot apical meristems (SAM) are a high-value plant target that provides niche to stem cell populations. These stem cells are instrumental in maintaining future plant progenies by giving birth to cells that culminate in flowers, leaves, and stems. There are hardly few protocols available that allow us to study immune dynamics of the plant stem cells as they are hindered by various layers of the SAM cell populations. Here, we describe a step-by-step method on how to inoculate the Arabidopsis SAM with model plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Hwang I, Sheen J, Müller B (2012) Cytokinin signaling networks. Annu Rev Plant Biol 63:353–380. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-042811-105503
Aichinger E, Kornet N, Friedrich T, Laux T (2012) Plant stem cell niches. Annu Rev Plant Biol 63:615–636. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-042811-105555
Naseem M, Srivastava M, Dandekar T (2014) Stem-cell-triggered immunity safeguards cytokinin enriched plant shoot apexes from pathogen infection. Front Plant Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00588
Miwa H, Betsuyaku S, Iwamoto K et al (2008) The receptor-like kinase SOL2 mediates CLE signaling in arabidopsis. Plant Cell Physiol 49:1752–1757. https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcn148
Sablowski R (2011) Plant stem cell niches: from signalling to execution. Curr Opin Plant Biol 14:4–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2010.08.001
Cuppels DA (1986) Generation and characterization of Tn5 insertion mutations in pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato. Appl Environ Microbiol 51:323–327
Jones JDG, Dangl JL (2006) The plant immune system. Nature 444:323–329. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05286
Rico A, Preston GM (2008) Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato DC3000 uses constitutive and apoplast-induced nutrient assimilation pathways to catabolize nutrients that are abundant in the tomato apoplast. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 21:269–282. https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-21-2-0269
Ritchie (2000) Bacterial spot of pepper and tomato. The Plant Health Instructor. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHI-I-2000-1027-01
Naseem M, Shams S, Roitsch T (2017) Modulating the levels of plant hormone cytokinins at the host-pathogen interface. Methods Mol Biol 1569:141–150
Naseem M, Kaltdorf M, Dandekar T (2015) The nexus between growth and defence signalling: auxin and cytokinin modulate plant immune response pathways. J Exp Bot 16:4885–4896
Newman M-A, Sundelin T, Nielsen JT, Erbs G (2013) MAMP (microbe-associated molecular pattern) triggered immunity in plants. Front Plant Sci 4:139. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2013.00139
Lee H, Chah OK, Sheen J (2011) Stem-cell-triggered immunity through CLV3p-FLS2 signalling. Nature 473:376–379
Boller T, Felix G (2009) A renaissance of elicitors: perception of microbe-associated molecular patterns and danger signals by pattern-recognition receptors. Annu Rev Plant Biol 60:379–406. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105346
Acknowledgment
We thank the German Research Foundation (DFG) for funding (TR124/B1) to TD and start-up grant (R18045) by Zayed University to MN.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Naseem, M., Gun, G., Osmanoglu, O., AlRemeithi, F.A., Iqbal, J., Dandekar, T. (2020). Bacterial Shoot Apical Meristem Inoculation Assay. In: Naseem, M., Dandekar, T. (eds) Plant Stem Cells. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2094. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0183-9_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0183-9_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-0182-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-0183-9
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols