Abstract
In situ hybridization (ISH) techniques provide important information regarding gene expression in cells and tissues. Especially, ISH details complex spatial RNA expression in highly heterogeneous tissues, such as developing and mature central nervous systems, where rare genes involved in many fundamental developmental or biological events are expressed. Although several techniques have been developed to detect low levels of RNA expression, there are still problematic issues caused by a low signal-to-noise ratio after signal amplification. RNAscope is a recently developed ISH technique with high sensitivity and low background. RNAscope utilizes a unique probe system (double Z probe) to amplify signal from rare RNAs. Additionally, the double Z probe enables a significant reduction in nonspecific signal amplification. Here we report detailed procedures of the brown-color RNAscope ISH on embryonic and adult mouse retinas.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Angerer LM, Angerer RC (1981) Detection of poly A+ RNA in sea urchin eggs and embryos by quantitative in situ hybridization. Nucleic Acids Res 9:2819–2840
Larsson LI, Hougaard DM (1993) Sensitive detection of rat gastrin mRNA by in situ hybridization with chemically biotinylated oligodeoxynucleotides: validation, quantitation, and double-staining studies. J Histochem Cytochem 41:157–163
Femino AM, Fay FS, Fogarty K et al (1998) Visualization of single RNA transcripts in situ. Science 280:585–590
Nuovo GJ (1995) In situ PCR: protocols and applications. PCR Methods Appl 4:S151–S167
Speel EJM, Saremaslani P, Roth J et al (1998) Improved mRNA in situ hybridization on formaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue using signal amplification with different haptenized tyramides. Histochem Cell Biol 110:571–577
Player AN, Shen LP, Kenny D et al (2001) Single-copy gene detection using branched DNA (bDNA) in situ hybridization. J Histochem Cytochem 49:603–611
Wang F, Flanagan J, Su N et al (2012) RNAscope: a novel in situ RNA analysis platform for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. J Mol Diagn 14:22–29
Pronin A, Levay K, Velmeshev D et al (2014) Expression of olfactory signaling genes in the eye. PLoS One 9:e96435
Smit-McBride Z, Oltjen SL, Radu RA et al (2015) Localization of complement factor H gene expression and protein distribution in the mouse outer retina. Mol Vis 21:110–123
Kiyama T, Chen CK, Wang SW et al (2018) Essential roles of mitochondrial biogenesis regulator Nrf1 in retinal development and homeostasis. Mol Neurodegener 13:56
Stempel AJ, Morgans CW, Stout JT et al (2014) Simultaneous visualization and cell-specific confirmation of RNA and protein in the mouse retina. Mol Vis 20:1366–1373
Gross-Thebing T, Paksa A, Raz E (2014) Simultaneous high-resolution detection of multiple transcripts combined with localization of protein in whole-mount embryos. BMC Biol 12:55
Morrison JA, McKinney MC, Kulesa PM (2017) Resolving in vivo gene expression during collective cell migration using an integrated RNAscope, immunohistochemistry and tissue clearing method. Mech Dev 148:100–106
Daniele LL, Adams RF, Durante DE et al (2007) Novel distribution of junctional adhesion molecule-C in the neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium. J Comp Neurol 505:166–176
Kim IJ, Zhang Y, Yamagata M et al (2008) Molecular identification of a retinal cell type that responds to upward motion. Nature 452:478–482
Hatter S, Kumar M, Park A et al (2006) Central projections of melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells in the mouse. J Comp Neurol 497:326–349
Mao CA, Li H, Zhang Z et al (2014) T-box transcription regulator Tbr2 is essential for the formation and maintenance of Opn4/melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. J Neurosci 34:13083–13095
Acknowledgments
We acknowledge grant support from the National Institutes of Health National Eye Institute (R01EY024376 and P30EY028102) and the Hermann Eye Fund.
Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Kiyama, T., Mao, CA. (2020). Ultrasensitive RNAscope In Situ Hybridization System on Embryonic and Adult Mouse Retinas. In: Mao, CA. (eds) Retinal Development. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2092. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0175-4_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0175-4_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-0174-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-0175-4
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols