Abstract
One of the most remarkable findings in expressional quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping is that trans (distal) eQTL has small effect. The widely used approaches have a low power in the detection of small-effect eQTL. To overcome this issue, we integrate polygenic background control with multi-locus genetic model to develop genome-wide composite interval mapping (GCIM). This chapter covers the GCIM procedure in a backcross or doubled haploid populations. We describe the genetic model, parameter estimation, multi-locus genetic model, hypothesis tests, and software. Finally, some issues related to the GCIM method are discussed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Jansen RC, Nap JP (2001) Genetical genomics: the added value from segregation. Trends Genet 17(7):388–391
Gilad Y, Rifkin SA, Pritchard JK (2008) Revealing the architecture of gene regulation: the promise of eQTL studies. Trends Genet 24(8):408–415
Gibson G, Weir B (2005) The quantitative genetics of Transcription. Trends Genet 21(11):616–623
Zeng ZB (1993) Theoretical basis for separation of multiple linked gene effects in mapping of quantitative trait loci. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90:10972–10976
Zeng ZB (1994) Precision mapping of quantitative trait loci. Genetics 136:1457–1468
Jansen RC (1993) Interval mapping of multiple quantitative trait loci. Genetics 135:205–211
Li HH, Ye GY, Wang JK (2007) A modified algorithm for the improvement of composite interval mapping. Genetics 175:361–374
Xu S (2003) Estimating polygenic effects using markers of the entire genome. Genetics 163:789–801
Wang H, Zhang YM, Li X, Masinde GL, Mohan S, Baylink DJ, Xu S (2005) Bayesian shrinkage estimation of QTL parameters. Genetics 170:465–480
Wang SB, Wen YJ, Ren WL, Ni YL, Zhang J, Feng JY, Zhang YM (2016) Mapping small-effect and linked quantitative trait loci for complex traits in backcross or DH populations via a multi-locus GWAS methodology. Sci Rep 6:29951
Jiang C, Zeng ZB (1997) Mapping quantitative trait loci with dominant and missing markers in various crosses from two inbred lines. Genetica 101:47–58
Haley CS, Knott SA (1992) A simple regression method for mapping quantitative trait loci in the line crosses using flanking markers. Heredity 69:315–324
Xu S (2013) Mapping quantitative trait loci by controlling polygenic background effects. Genetics 195:1209–1222
Kang HM, Zaitlen NA, Wade CM, Kirby A, Heckerman D, Daly MJ, Eskin E (2008) Efficient control of population structure in model organism association mapping. Genetics 178:1709–1723
Xu S (2010) An expectation–maximization algorithm for the Lasso estimation of quantitative trait locus effects. Heredity 105:483–494
Wen YJ, Zhang YW, Zhang J, Feng JY, Dunwell JM, Zhang YM (2018) An efficient multi-locus mixed model framework for the detection of small and linked QTLs in F2. Brief Bioinform. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bby058
Kao CH, Zeng ZB, Teasdale RD (1999) Multiple interval mapping for quantitative trait loci. Genetics 152:1203–1216
Risch N, Merikangas K (1996) The future of genetic studies of complex human diseases. Science 273:1516–1517
Zhang YM, Mao Y, Xie C, Smith H, Luo L, Xu S (2005) Mapping quantitative trait loci using naturally occurring genetic variance among commercial inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.). Genetics 169:2267–2275
Yu J, Pressoir G, Briggs WH, Vroh Bi I, Yamasaki M, Doebley JF, McMullen MD, Gaut BS, Nielsen DM, Holland JB, Kresovich S, Buckler ES (2006) A unified mixed-model method for association mapping that accounts for multiple levels of relatedness. Nat Genet 38:203–208
Zhang Z, Ersoz E, Lai CQ, Todhunter RJ, Tiwari HK, Gore MA, Bradbury PJ, Yu J, Arnett DK, Ordovas JM, Buckler ES (2010) Mixed linear model approach adapted for genome-wide association studies. Nat Genet 42:355–360
Zhou X, Stephens M (2012) Genome-wide efficient mixed-model analysis for association studies. Nat Genet 44:821–824
Zhou X, Carbonetto P, Stephens M (2013) Polygenic modeling with Bayesian sparse linear mixed models. PLoS Genet 9:e1003264
Li M, Liu X, Bradbury P, Yu J, Zhang YM, Todhunter RJ, Buckler ES, Zhang Z (2014) Enrichment of statistical power for genome-wide association studies. BMC Biol 12:73
Segura V, Vilhjálmsson BJ, Platt A, Korte A, Seren Ü, Long Q, Nordborg M (2012) An efficient multi-locus mixed-model approach for genome-wide association studies in structured populations. Nat Genet 44:825–830
Liu X, Huang M, Fan B, Buckler ES, Zhang Z (2016) Iterative usage of fixed and random effect models for powerful and efficient genome-wide association studies. PLoS Genet 12(2):e1005767
Wang SB, Feng JY, Ren WL, Huang B, Zhou L, Wen YJ, Zhang J, Dunwell JM, Xu S, Zhang YM (2016) Improving power and accuracy of genome-wide association studies via a multi-locus mixed linear model methodology. Sci Rep 6:19444
Wen YJ, Zhang H, Ni YL, Huang B, Zhang J, Feng JY, Wang SB, Dunwell JM, Zhang YM, Wu R (2018) Methodological implementation of mixed linear models in multi-locus genome-wide association studies. Brief Bioinform 19(4):700–712
Tamba CL, Ni YL, Zhang YM (2017) Iterative sure independence screening EM-Bayesian LASSO algorithm for multi-locus genome-wide association studies. PLoS Comput Biol 13(1):e1005357
Zhang J, Feng JY, Ni YL, Wen YJ, Niu Y, Tamba CL, Yue C, Song Q, Zhang YM (2017) pLARmEB: Integration of least angle regression with empirical Bayes for multi-locus genome-wide association studies. Heredity 118:517–524
Ren WL, Wen YJ, Dunwell JM, Zhang YM (2018) pKWmEB: integration of Kruskal–Wallis test with empirical Bayes under polygenic background control for multi-locus genome-wide association study. Heredity 120:208–218
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31571268, U1602261, 31871242), and Huazhong Agricultural University Scientific & Technological Self-innovation Foundation (Program No. 2014RC020).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Zhang, YM. (2020). Genome-Wide Composite Interval Mapping (GCIM) of Expressional Quantitative Trait Loci in Backcross Population. In: Shi, X. (eds) eQTL Analysis. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2082. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0026-9_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0026-9_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-0025-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-0026-9
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols