Abstract
Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) cause souring (the reduction of sulfate to sulfide) and associated corrosion in oil and gas fields. SRB monitoring involves the use of most probable number (MPN) methods in which a sample (1 ml) is subjected to serial dilution in glass vials with 9 ml of anaerobic medium, containing lactate and sulfate. This assay can be conducted on-site by field personnel and is routinely used to determine, for instance, the efficacy of a biocide application. In the laboratory, MPNs are best determined by using microtiter plates, which are incubated in an anaerobic hood. Because the dsrAB genes for dissimilatory sulfite reductase, which catalyzes the final step in the sulfate reduction pathway, are highly conserved, conserved primers have been designed to amplify the dsr genes by PCR. These primers (DSRp2060F and DSR4R) are able to generate mixed PCR products reflecting the diversity and/or numbers of SRB in environmental samples. Although routinely used for research purposes, these methods are not yet used widely in the oil and gas industry to assess the presence of SRB and the success of mitigation measures.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported through a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Industrial Research Chair Award to GV, which is also being supported by Baker Hughes, BP, Computer Modelling Group Limited, ConocoPhillips Company, Dow Microbial Control, Enbridge, Enerplus Corporation, Intertek, Oil Search Limited, Shell Global Solutions International BV, Suncor Energy Inc., and Yara Norge AS, as well as by Alberta Innovates – Energy and Environment Solutions (AIEES). Analytical tools and expertise developed through the Hydrocarbon Metagenomics Project funded by Genome Canada and administered through Genome Alberta enabled characterization of community compositions. We thank Fiona Xue for supplying the SRB enrichment to generate the data for Figure 3.
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Shen, Y., Voordouw, G. (2015). Primers for dsr Genes and Most Probable Number Method for Detection of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Oil Reservoirs. In: McGenity, T., Timmis, K., Nogales , B. (eds) Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology Protocols. Springer Protocols Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/8623_2015_72
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/8623_2015_72
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