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Protocols for Ecological Risk Assessment Using the Triad Approach

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Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology Protocols

Part of the book series: Springer Protocols Handbooks ((SPH))

Abstract

An ecological risk assessment of a contaminated site is usually based on a model approach using chemical analyses of soil, sediment or water. These methods take neither the biological availability of contaminants, combination toxicity nor ecological field effects into account. To overcome these limitations, the Triad approach has been developed for sediment by Chapman (Environ Toxicol Chem, 5:957–964, 1986) and adapted for soil by van der Waarde et al. (Effectiviteit van bioassays bij het monitoren en beoordelen van het milieurendement van in situ biorestauratie. NOBIS 96-1-13, 2000; TRIADE benadering voor beoordeling van bodemkwaliteit. NOBIS 98-1-28, 2000). This approach combines chemical data, toxicity testing and ecological data of a site to determine the effect of contamination on the ecosystem. In this protocol, the Triad approach is described for the evaluation of the ecological impact of petroleum hydrocarbons (PH) in soil. It has been shown that no theoretical standard threshold value can be derived for PH above which they will have a negative effect on the ecology. Depending on the type of oil, the composition of the oil mixture, but also environmental characteristics at a certain site, ecological effects can be found at both low and high concentrations. Site-specific research is needed in order to assess the need for remediation.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bioclear B.V, 2262, 9704 CG, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Marlea Wagelmans & Shakti Lieten

Authors
  1. Marlea Wagelmans
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  2. Shakti Lieten
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marlea Wagelmans .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex , Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom

    Terry J. McGenity

  2. Institute of Microbiology, Technical University Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany

    Kenneth N. Timmis

  3. Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands and Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (IMEDEA, UIB-CSIC), Palma de Mallorca, Spain

    Balbina Nogales

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© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Wagelmans, M., Lieten, S. (2015). Protocols for Ecological Risk Assessment Using the Triad Approach. In: McGenity, T., Timmis, K., Nogales, B. (eds) Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology Protocols. Springer Protocols Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/8623_2015_54

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/8623_2015_54

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-53110-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-53111-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

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