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S1P Synergizes with Wall Shear Stress and Other Angiogenic Factors to Induce Endothelial Cell Sprouting Responses

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Sphingosine-1-Phosphate

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1697))

Abstract

Angiogenesis is the process of new blood vessel growth from pre-existing structures. During sprout initiation, endothelial cells (ECs) are activated by pro-angiogenic factors to degrade the basement membrane, migrate into the surrounding matrix, and form structures that anastomose to connect neighboring vessels. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a biologically active lysosphingolipid that is secreted by platelets and promotes angiogenesis under normal and pathological conditions by acting on ECs. In addition to biochemical factors, the endothelium is continuously subjected to mechanical forces in the form of wall shear stress (WSS) from fluid forces. Here, we describe an in vitro, three-dimensional (3D) endothelial sprouting assay that is significantly enhanced by S1P, WSS, angiogenic growth factors (GFs), and fibronectin. This assay is assembled by seeding primary human endothelial cells onto 3D collagen matrices containing S1P and other pro-angiogenic factors. Once attached, physiological levels of WSS are applied to induce robust sprouting responses. This approach promotes the initiation of angiogenic sprouts stimulated by S1P, and allows the study of 3D sprouting of primary human endothelial cells induced in response to these physiological factors.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Public Health Service and the National Institutes of Health (grant number HL-095786 to K.J.B.) and bridge funding from the Office of the Vice President for Research at Texas A&M University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843-1114, USA

    Camille L. Duran & Kayla J. Bayless

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA

    Roland Kaunas

Authors
  1. Camille L. Duran
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  2. Roland Kaunas
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  3. Kayla J. Bayless
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Correspondence to Kayla J. Bayless .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Eye Research Australia, The University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Alice Pébay

  2. Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    Kursad Turksen

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Duran, C.L., Kaunas, R., Bayless, K.J. (2017). S1P Synergizes with Wall Shear Stress and Other Angiogenic Factors to Induce Endothelial Cell Sprouting Responses. In: Pébay, A., Turksen, K. (eds) Sphingosine-1-Phosphate. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1697. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/7651_2017_26

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/7651_2017_26

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  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-7412-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-7413-9

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