Skip to main content

Bioreactor Expansion of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells According to GMP Requirements

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Stem Cells and Good Manufacturing Practices

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1283))

Abstract

In cell therapy, the use of autologous and allogenic human mesenchymal stem cells is rising. Accordingly, the supply of cells for clinical applications in highest quality is required. As hMSCs are considered as an advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP), they underlie the requirements of GMP and PAT according to the authorities (FDA and EMA). The production process of these cells must therefore be documented according to GMP, which is usually performed via a GMP protocol based on standard operating procedures. This chapter provides an example of such a GMP protocol for hMSC, here a genetically modified allogenic cell line, based on a production process in a microcarrier-based stirred tank reactor including process monitoring according to PAT and final product quality assurance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Hambor JE (2012) Bioreactor design and bioprocess controls for industrialited cell processing. BioProcess Int 10(6):22–33

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Keating A (2012) Mesenchymal stromal cells: new directions. Cell Stem Cell 10:709–717

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Salzig D, Ehlicke F, Dorresteijn A, Czermak P (2011) Potential of mesenchymal stem cells for regeneration of intervertebral disc. Biomaterialien 12(1–4):198

    Google Scholar 

  4. Oppermann T, Leber J, Elseberg C, Salzig D, Czermak P (2014) hMSC production in disposable bioreactors in compliance with cGMP guidelines and PAT. Am Pharmaceut Rev Bioprocess 4

    Google Scholar 

  5. Jung S, Panchalingam KM, Wuerth RD, Rosenberg L, Nehie LA (2012) Large-scale production of human mesenchymal stem cells for clinical applications. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 59(2):106–120

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Chen AK, Reuveny S, Oh SK (2013) Application of human mesenchymal and pluripotent stem cell microcarrier cultures in cellular therapy: achievements and future direction. Biotechnol Adv 31(7):1032–1046

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Reicin C, McMahon E, Chung C (2012) Stem cell therapy regulation in Canada: implications of the prochymal approval. Westlaw J 28:1–4

    Google Scholar 

  8. Wang S, Qu X, Zhao R (2012) Clinical applications of mesenchymal stem cells. J Hematol Oncol 5:1–9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. English K, French A, Wood K (2010) Mesenchymal stromal cells: facilitators of successful transplantation? Cell Stem Cell 7:431–442

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Lindgren CG (2009) Standard operating procedures. In: Gee A (ed) Cell therapy: cGMP facilities and manufacturing. Springer, New York, NY

    Google Scholar 

  11. Unger C, Skottman H, Blomberg P, Dilber M, Hovatta O (2008) Good manufacturing practice and clinical-grade human embryonic stem cell lines. Hum Mol Genet 17(1):48–53

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Salzig D, Schmiermund A, Pino-Grace P, Elseberg C, Weber C, Czermak P (2013) Enzymatic detachment of therapeutic mesenchymal stromal cells grown on glass carriers in a bioreactor. Open Biomed Eng J 7:147–158

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Cierpka K, Elseberg C, Niss K, Kassem M, Salzig D, Czermak P (2013) hMSC production in disposable bioreactors with regards to GMP and PAT. Chem Ing Tech 85(1–2):67–75

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Weber C, Pohl S, Freimark D, Poertner R, Pino-Grace P, Wallrapp C, Geigle P, Czermak P (2010) Expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells in a fixed-bed bioreactor system based on non-porous glass carrier: part A—inoculation, cultivation, and cell harvest procedures. Int J Artif Org 33(8):512–525

    Google Scholar 

  15. Weber C, Pohl S, Poertner R, Pino-Grace P, Wallrapp C, Geigle P, Czermak P (2010) Expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells in a fixed-bed bioreactor system based on non-porous glass carrier: part B—modeling and scale up. Int J Artif Org 33(11):782–795

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Weber C, Pohl S, Poertner R, Pino-Grace P, Freimark D, Wallrapp C, Geigle P, Czermak P (2010) Production process for stem cell based therapeutic implants: expansion of the production cell line and cultivation of encapsulated cells. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 123:143–162

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Weber C, Pohl S, Poertner R, Wallrapp C, Geigle P, Czermak P (2009) Fixed bed reactor systems for the expansion and differentiation of stem cells for cell therapy. Int J Artif Organs 32(7):418

    Google Scholar 

  18. Czermak P, Weber C, Pohl S, Poertner R, Wallrapp C, Geigle P (2008) Development of a production process for stem cell based cell therapeutic implants. Int J Artif Organs 31(7):584

    Google Scholar 

  19. Czermak P, Weber C, Salzig D, Pörtner R, Wallrapp C, Hudel K (2011) Stammzellbasierte zelltherapeutische Implantate: Entwicklung eines Herstellungs- und Kryokonservierungsverfahrens. Biomaterialien 12(1–4):187

    Google Scholar 

  20. Freimark D, Sehl C, Grein T, Weber C, Hudel K, Glasmacher B, Czermak P (2010) Stem cell based therapeutic implants: production and storage. Int J Artif Organs 33(7):426

    Google Scholar 

  21. Justice C, Leber J, Salzig D, Wallrapp C, Kassem M, Kraume M, Czermak P (2012) Microcarrier based expansion process of hMSCs in highly vital and non-differentiated quality. Int J Artif Organs 35(2):39–107

    Google Scholar 

  22. Druzinec D, Weiss K, Elseberg C, Salzig D, Kraume M, Poertner R, Czermak P (2014) Process analytical technology (PAT) in insect and mammalian cell culture processes: dielectric spectroscopy and focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM). Methods Mol Biol 1104:313–341

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Dominici M, Le Blanc K, Mueller I, Slaper-Cortenbach I, Marini F, Krause D, Deans R, Keating A, Prockop D, Horwitz E (2006) Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement. Cytotherapy 8(4):315–317

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Justice C, Leber J, Freimark D, Pino-Grace P, Kraume M, Czermak P (2011) Online- and offline-monitoring of stem cell expansion on microcarrier. Cytotechnol 63(4):325–335. doi:10.1007/s10616-011-9359-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Justice C, Brix A, Freimark D, Kraume M, Pfromm P, Eichenmueller B, Czermak P (2011) Process control in cell culture technology using dielectric spectroscopy. Biotechnol Adv 29(4):391–401

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Peter Czermak .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Elseberg, C.L., Salzig, D., Czermak, P. (2014). Bioreactor Expansion of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells According to GMP Requirements. In: Turksen, K. (eds) Stem Cells and Good Manufacturing Practices. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1283. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/7651_2014_117

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/7651_2014_117

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-2434-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-2435-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics