Recombinant Protein Technology

Abstract

Every cell has a remarkably complex array of processes that ensure that its genetic information is maintained and reproduced, and also ensure that the genes are manifested in the enzymes and other proteins required for the cell to function and survive. Thus, for example, an assembly of enzymes brings about the very accurate replication of DNA once during each cell cycle. Another group of enzymes and other factors catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA, which in turn is translated into proteins on the ribosomes. Superficially, it would seem that all these processes are far too complex to be manipulated at will in the laboratory. However, it was realized in the 1970s that it is possible to harness viruses, plasmids, and bacteria to do the manipulations on behalf of the experimental molecular biologist. A wide range of powerful and deceptively straightforward techniques has subsequently been developed. These techniques are the basis for the production of recombinant proteins.