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Microbiome as an Immunological Modifier

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Biomarkers for Immunotherapy of Cancer

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 2055))

Abstract

Humans are living ecosystems composed of human cells and microbes. The microbiome is the collection of microbes (microbiota) and their genes. Recent breakthroughs in the high-throughput sequencing technologies have made it possible for us to understand the composition of the human microbiome. Launched by the National Institutes of Health in USA, the human microbiome project indicated that our bodies harbor a wide array of microbes, specific to each body site with interpersonal and intrapersonal variabilities. Numerous studies have indicated that several factors influence the development of the microbiome including genetics, diet, use of antibiotics, and lifestyle, among others. The microbiome and its mediators are in a continuous cross talk with the host immune system; hence, any imbalance on one side is reflected on the other. Dysbiosis (microbiota imbalance) was shown in many diseases and pathological conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, diabetes, and cancer. The microbial composition mirrors inflammation variations in certain disease conditions, within various stages of the same disease; hence, it has the potential to be used as a biomarker.

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Author notes

  1. Manoj Kumar, Parul Singh, Selvasankar Murugesan, Marie Vetizou, John McCulloch, and Jonathan H. Badger contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Translational Medicine, Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar

    Manoj Kumar, Parul Singh, Selvasankar Murugesan & Souhaila Al Khodor

  2. Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Marie Vetizou, John McCulloch, Jonathan H. Badger & Giorgio Trinchieri

Authors
  1. Manoj Kumar
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  2. Parul Singh
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  3. Selvasankar Murugesan
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  4. Marie Vetizou
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  5. John McCulloch
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  6. Jonathan H. Badger
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  7. Giorgio Trinchieri
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  8. Souhaila Al Khodor
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Souhaila Al Khodor .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. NIH, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Magdalena Thurin

  2. Nanostring Technologies, Seattle, WA, USA, ESSA Pharma, South San Francisco, CA, USA

    Alessandra Cesano

  3. Refuge Biotechnologies, Menlo Park, CA, USA

    Francesco M. Marincola

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Kumar, M. et al. (2020). Microbiome as an Immunological Modifier. In: Thurin, M., Cesano, A., Marincola, F. (eds) Biomarkers for Immunotherapy of Cancer. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2055. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9773-2_27

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9773-2_27

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  • Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-9772-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-9773-2

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