Abstract
Supersecondary structure code (SSSC), which is represented as the combination of α-helix-type (SSSC: H), β-sheet-type (SSSC: S), the other (SSSC: T), and disorder residue or C-terminal (SSSC: D) patterns, has been produced by the developed concept of Ramachandran plot, in addition, with the ω angle and with the specification of positions of torsion angles in a protein by the registration of codes for torsion angles of each amino acid peptide unit, derived from the fuzzy search of structural code homology using the template patterns 3a5c4a (SSSC: H) and 6c4a4a (SSSC: S) with conformational codes. The DSSP (Dictionary of Secondary Structure in Proteins) method assigns the secondary structure including hydrogen bond well. In contrast, supersecondary structure code is very sensitive to the supersecondary structures of proteins. In this chapter, the protocol of homology search methods, the sequence alignment using supersecondary structure code, the assignment of supersecondary structure code T, the fuzzy search using supersecondary structure code, and the exact search using supersecondary structure code are described. Supersecondary structure code is variable with the conformational change. If possible, many Protein Data Bank (PDB) data of similar main chains of proteins should be used for the homology searches. The thorough check of SSSC sequences is also useful to reveal the role of target pattern.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Andreeva NS, Gustchina AE (1979) On the supersecondary structure of acid proteases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 87:32–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-291x(79)91643-7
Richards FM, Kundrot CE (1988) Identification of structural motifs from protein coordinate data—secondary structure and 1st-level supersecondary structure. Proteins 3:71–84. https://doi.org/10.1002/prot.340030202
Izumi H, Wakisaka A, Nafie LA, Dukor RK (2013) Data mining of supersecondary structure homology between light chains of immunoglobulins and MHC molecules: absence of the common conformational fragment in the human IgM rheumatoid factor. J Chem Inf Model 53:584–591. https://doi.org/10.1021/ci300420d
Ramachandran GN, Ramakrishnan C, Sasisekharan V (1963) Stereochemistry of polypeptide chain configurations. J Mol Biol 7:95–99
Kleywegt GJ, Jones TA (1996) Phi/psi-chology: ramachandran revisited. Structure 4:1395–1400. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0969-2126(96)00147-5
Lovell SC, Davis IW, Adrendall WB, de Bakker PIW, Word JM, Prisant MG, Richardson JS, Richardson DC (2003) Structure validation by C alpha geometry: phi, psi and C beta deviation. Proteins 50:437–450. https://doi.org/10.1002/prot.10286
Ho BK, Brasseur R (2005) The Ramachandran plots of glycine and pre-proline. BMC Struct Biol 5:14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6807-5-14
Izumi H, Nafie LA, Dukor RK (2016) Three-dimensional chemical structure search using the conformational code for organic molecules (CCOM) program. Chirality 28:370–375. https://doi.org/10.1002/chir.22596
Touw WG, Baakman C, Black J, te Beek TAH, Krieger E, Joosten RP, Vriend G (2015) A series of PDB-related databanks for everyday needs. Nucleic Acids Res 43:D364–D368. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gku1028
Kabsch W, Sander C (1983) Dictionary of protein secondary structure—pattern-recognition of hydrogen-bonded and geometrical features. Biopolymers 22:2577–2637. https://doi.org/10.1002/bip.360221211
Python Software Foundation (2018) Python. https://www.python.org. Accessed 26 Jan 2018
Open Bioinformatics Foundation (2018) Biopython. http://biopython.org. Accessed 26 Jan 2018
Izumi H (2016) SSSC. http://researchmap.jp/muqgq8vge-2132135/#_2132135. Accessed 26 Jan 2018
Izumi H (2017) SSSC analysis. http://researchmap.jp/muf10vbx5-2132135/#_2132135. Accessed 26 Jan 2018
Katoh K (2013) MAFFT version 7. http://mafft.cbrc.jp/alignment/software/. Accessed 26 Jan 2018
Yamada KD, Tomii K, Katoh K (2016) Application of the MAFFT sequence alignment program to large data-reexamination of the usefulness of chained guide trees. Bioinformatics 32:3246–3251. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btw412
Katoh K, Misawa K, Kuma K, Miyata T (2002) MAFFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform. Nucleic Acids Res 30:3059–3066. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkf436
Higgins D, Sievers F, Dineen D, Wilm A (2014) Clustal W/Clustal X. http://www.clustal.org/clustal2. Accessed 26 Jan 2018
Larkin MA, Blackshields G, Brown NP, Chenna R, McGettigan PA, McWilliam H, Valentin F, Wallace IM, Wilm A, Lopez R et al (2007) Clustal W and clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics 23:2947–2948. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm404
Protein Data Bank Japan (2018) PDBj. https://pdbj.org. Accessed 26 Jan 2018
Molecular Organisation and Assembly in Cells (2006) Generating Ramachandran (phi/psi) plots for proteins. http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/moac/people/students/peter_cock/python/ramachandran. Accessed 26 Jan 2018
Bartolucci C, Lamba D, Grazulis S, Manakova E, Heumann H (2005) Crystal structure of wild-type chaperonin GroEL. J Mol Biol 354:940–951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2005.09.096
Chaudhry C, Horwich AL, Brunger AT, Adams PD (2004) Exploring the structural dynamics of the E-coli chaperonin GroEL using translation-libration-screw crystallographic refinement of intermediate states. J Mol Biol 342:229–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2004.07.015
Acknowledgments
This work was partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP16K05711. The author thanks Dr. Rina K. Dukor and Professor Laurence A. Nafie for the discussion of supersecondary structure code.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Izumi, H. (2019). Homology Searches Using Supersecondary Structure Code. In: Kister, A. (eds) Protein Supersecondary Structures. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1958. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9161-7_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9161-7_17
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-9160-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-9161-7
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols