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Role of Astrocytes in the Neurogenic Niches

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Astrocytes

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1938))

Abstract

In the mammalian brain, highly specialized astrocytes serve as neural stem cells (NSCs) that divide and give rise to new neurons, in a process called neurogenesis. During embryonic development NSCs generate almost all neurons of the brain. Soon after birth the neurogenic potential of NSCs is highly reduced, and neurogenesis occurs only in two specialized brain regions called the neurogenic niches. Niche cells are essential to stem cells as they provide structural and nutritional support, and control fundamental stem cell decisions. Astrocytes, major components of the adult neurogenic niches, are evolving as important regulators of neurogenesis, by controlling NSC proliferation, fate choice, and differentiation of the progeny. Therefore, astrocytes contribute to neurogenesis in two ways: as NSCs and as niche cells. This review highlights the role of astrocyte-like NSCs during development and adulthood, and summarizes how niche astrocytes control the process of adult neurogenesis.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Silvia Cappello, Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Munich, for carefully revising the manuscript. This work is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG; BE 5136/2-1 and BE5136/1-2) and the DFG research training group 2162 “Neurodevelopment and Vulnerability of the Central Nervous System” (DFG GRK2162/1).

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  1. Emil Fischer Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany

    Julia Schneider, Julian Karpf & Ruth Beckervordersandforth

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  1. Julia Schneider
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Correspondence to Ruth Beckervordersandforth .

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  1. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

    Barbara Di Benedetto

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Schneider, J., Karpf, J., Beckervordersandforth, R. (2019). Role of Astrocytes in the Neurogenic Niches. In: Di Benedetto, B. (eds) Astrocytes. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1938. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9068-9_2

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