Skip to main content

Decoding Sanger Sequencing Chromatograms from CRISPR-Induced Mutations

  • Protocol
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1917))

Abstract

In many diploid organisms, the majority mutations induced by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-mediated genome editing are non- chimeric, including biallelic, homozygous, and heterozygous mutations. Direct Sanger sequencing of the PCR amplicons containing non-homozygous mutations superimposes sequencing chromatograms, displaying overlapping peaks beginning from the mutation sites. In this chapter we describe the degenerate sequence decoding (DSD) strategy and its automatic web-based tool, DSDecodeM, for decoding the Sanger sequencing chromatograms from different types of targeted mutations. DSDecodeM, as a convenient and versatile tool, can considerably facilitate the genotyping work of CRISPR-induced mutants.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Protocol
USD   49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Springer Nature is developing a new tool to find and evaluate Protocols. Learn more

References

  1. Cho SW, Kim S, Kim JM et al (2012) Targeted genome engineering in human cells with the Cas9 RNA-guided endonuclease. Nat Biotechnol 31:230–232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Yu C, Zhang Y, Yao S et al (2014) A PCR based protocol for detecting indel mutations induced by TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9 in Zebrafish. PLoS One 9:e98282

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Nekrasov V, Staskawicz B, Weigel D et al (2013) Targeted mutagenesis in the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana using Cas9 RNA-guided endonuclease. Nat Biotechnol 31:691–693

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Fauser F, Schiml S, Puchta H (2014) Both CRISPR/Cas-based nucleases and nickases can be used efficiently for genome engineering in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J 79:348–359

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Cong L, Ran FA, Cox D et al (2013) Multiplex genome engineering using CRISPR/Cas systems. Science 339:819–823

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Zischewskia J, Fischer R, Bortesi L (2017) Detection of on-target and off-target mutations generated by CRISPR/Cas9 and other sequence-specific nucleases. Biotechnol Adv 35:95–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Xue LJ, Tsai CJ (2015) AGEseq: analysis of genome editing by sequencing. Mol Plant 8:1428–1430

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Lu Y, Ye X, Guo R et al (2017) Genome-wide targeted mutagenesis in rice using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Mol Plant 10:1242–1245

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Ma X, Zhang Q, Zhu Q et al (2015) A robust CRISPR/Cas9 system for convenient high-efficiency multiplex genome editing in monocot and dicot plants. Mol Plant 8:1274–1284

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Ma X, Chen L, Zhu Q et al (2015) Rapid decoding of sequence-specific nuclease-induced heterozygous and biallelic mutations by direct sequencing of PCR products. Mol Plant 8:1285–1287

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Liu W, Xie X, Ma X et al (2015) DSDecode: a web-based tool for decoding of sequencing chromatograms for genotyping of targeted mutations. Mol Plant 8:1431–1433

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Xie X, Ma X, Zhu Q et al (2017) CRISPR-GE: a convenient software toolkit for CRISPR-based genome editing. Mol Plant 10:1246–1249

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

This work is supported by grants from Guangdong Province Public Interest Research and Capacity Building Special Fund (2015B020201002) and the Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China (2016ZX08010-001, 2016ZX08009-002) and the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (2016 M602480).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yao-Guang Liu .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

About this protocol

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this protocol

Xie, X., Ma, X., Liu, YG. (2019). Decoding Sanger Sequencing Chromatograms from CRISPR-Induced Mutations. In: Qi, Y. (eds) Plant Genome Editing with CRISPR Systems. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1917. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8991-1_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8991-1_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-8990-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-8991-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics