Skip to main content

Biolistic Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 with Ribonucleoprotein Complex in Wheat

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Plant Genome Editing with CRISPR Systems

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1917))

Abstract

The great advances in exploiting the CRISPR/Cas9 system are paving the way for targeted genome engineering in plants. Genome editing by direct delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) into plant cells reduces off-target mutations and avoids the integration of foreign DNA fragments, thus providing an efficient and accurate method for precision crop breeding. Here we describe an RNP-based genome editing protocol for wheat. The protocol covers the in vitro transcription of sgRNA, purification of Cas9 protein, biolistic delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 RNPs, and tissue culture procedures for regenerating testable seedlings.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Yin K, Gao C, Qiu JL (2017) Progress and prospects in plant genome editing. Nat Plants 3:17107

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Belhaj K, Chaparro-Garcia A, Kamoun S, Patron NJ, Nekrasov V (2015) Editing plant genomes with CRISPR/Cas9. Curr Opin Biotechnol 32:76–84

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Kouranova E, Forbes K, Zhao G, Warren J, Bartels A, Wu Y, Cui X (2016) CRISPRs for optimal targeting: delivery of CRISPR components as DNA, RNA, and protein into cultured cells and single-cell embryos. Hum Gene Ther 27:464–475

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Shan Q, Wang Y, Li J, Gao C (2014) Genome editing in rice and wheat using the CRISPR/Cas system. Nat Protoc 9:2395–2410

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Woo JW, Kim J, Kwon SI, Corvalan C, Cho SW, Kim H, Kim SG, Kim ST, Choe S, Kim JS (2015) DNA-free genome editing in plants with preassembled CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins. Nat Biotechnol 33:1162–1164

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Zhang Y, Liang Z, Zong Y, Wang Y, Liu J, Chen K, Qiu JL, Gao C (2016) Efficient and transgene-free genome editing in wheat through transient expression of CRISPR/Cas9 DNA or RNA. Nat Commun 7:12617

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Staahl BT, Benekareddy M, Coulon-Bainier C, Banfal AA, Floor SN, Sabo JK, Urnes C, Munares GA, Ghosh A, Doudna JA (2017) Efficient genome editing in the mouse brain by local delivery of engineered Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes. Nat Biotechnol 35:431–434

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Cho SW, Lee J, Carroll D, Kim JS, Lee J (2013) Heritable gene knockout in Caenorhabditis elegans by direct injection of Cas9-sgRNA ribonucleoproteins. Genetics 195:1177–1180

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Baek K, Kim DH, Jeong J, Sim SJ, Melis A, Kim JS, Jin E, Bae S (2016) DNA-free two-gene knockout in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii via CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins. Sci Rep 6:30620

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Hultquist JF, Schumann K, Woo JM, Manganaro L, McGregor MJ, Doudna J, Simon V, Krogan NJ, Marson A (2016) A Cas9 ribonucleoprotein platform for functional genetic studies of HIV-host interactions in primary human T cells. Cell Rep 17:1438–1452

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Wu W, Lu Z, Li F, Wang W, Qian N, Duan J, Zhang Y, Wang F, Chen T (2017) Efficient in vivo gene editing using ribonucleoproteins in skin stem cells of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa mouse model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114:1660–1665

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Subburaj S, Chung SJ, Lee C, Ryu SM, Kim DH, Kim JS, Bae S, Lee GJ (2016) Site-directed mutagenesis in Petunia x hybrida protoplast system using direct delivery of purified recombinant Cas9 ribonucleoproteins. Plant Cell Rep 35:1535–1544

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Malnoy M, Viola R, Jung MH, Koo OJ, Kim S, Kim JS, Velasco R, Nagamangala Kanchiswamy C (2016) DNA-free genetically edited grapevine and apple protoplast using crispr/cas9 ribonucleoproteins. Front Plant Sci 7:1904

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Kim H, Kim ST, Ryu J, Kang BC, Kim JS, Kim SG (2017) CRISPR/Cpf1-mediated DNA-free plant genome editing. Nat Commun 8:14406

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Liang Z, Chen K, Li T, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhao Q, Liu J, Zhang H, Liu C, Ran Y, Gao C (2017) Efficient DNA-free genome editing of bread wheat using CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes. Nat Commun 8:14261

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Svitashev S, Schwartz C, Lenderts B, Young JK, Mark Cigan A (2016) Genome editing in maize directed by CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes. Nat Commun 7:13274

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Wolter F, Puchta H (2017) Knocking out consumer concerns and regulator’s rules: efficient use of CRISPR/Cas ribonucleoprotein complexes for genome editing in cereals. Genome Biol 18:43

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0101804), the National Transgenic Science and Technology Program (2016ZX08010-002), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (QYZDY-SSW-SMC030 and GJHZ1602), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31788103, 31420103912 and 31570369).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Caixia Gao .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

About this protocol

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this protocol

Liang, Z., Chen, K., Gao, C. (2019). Biolistic Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 with Ribonucleoprotein Complex in Wheat. In: Qi, Y. (eds) Plant Genome Editing with CRISPR Systems. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1917. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8991-1_24

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8991-1_24

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-8990-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-8991-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics